心理弹性在临床护士情绪劳动策略与应对方式间的中介效应研究

Mediating effect of psychological resilience between the emotional labor strategy and coping style of clinical nurses

目的探讨心理弹性在临床护士情绪劳动策略与应对方式间的中介效应。方法本研究为横断面研究,于2020年3—4月采用便利抽样法选取北京某三甲医院的460名临床护士为调查对象,利用一般资料调查问卷、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、情绪劳动策略量表对其进行调查。采用Pearson相关分析、结构方程模型检验变量间的相关性及中介效应。本研究共发放电子调查问卷460份,回收有效问卷451份,有效回收率为98.04%。结果451名护士CD-RISC总分为(67.51±19.86)分,情绪劳动策略量表中表层扮演维度为(21.86±6.40)分,SCSQ中以积极应对、消极应对维度评分分别为(20.77±8.68)、(8.22±4.81)分;CD-RISC总分及各维度得分、情绪劳动策略量表各维度得分与积极应对方式得分均呈正相关(r=0.119~0.492,P<0.05);心理弹性在情绪劳动策略与积极应对方式间起部分中介作用(β=0.295,P<0.01),中介效应占总效应的70.91%。结论情绪劳动策略可以通过护士的心理弹性间接影响其应对方式,护理管理者应重视临床护士的情绪劳动及心理弹性管理,以帮助其积极应对临床挑战,保证护理质量。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience between the emotional labor strategy and coping style in clinical nurses.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.From March to April 2020,convenience sampling method was adopted to select 460 clinical nurses from a ClassⅢGrade A hospital in Beijing as the survey subject.Nurses were investigated with the General Information Questionnaire,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Emotional Labor Strategy Scale.Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation model were used to test the correlation among variables and the mediating effect.In this study,a total of 460 electronic questionnaires were distributed,and 451 valid questionnaires were returned,with the effective response rate of 98.04%.Results Among 451 nurses,the total CD-RISC score was(67.51±19.86),and the surface-playing dimension in the Emotional Labor Strategy Scale was(21.86±6.40),and the scores of positive coping dimension and negative coping dimension in SCSQ were(20.77±8.68)and(8.22±4.81)respectively.The total score and all dimension scores of CD-RISC,the dimension scores of the Emotional Labor Strategy Scale were positively correlated with the positive coping style score with a statistical difference(r=0.119-0.492,P<0.05).Psychological resilience played a partial mediating effect between the emotional labor strategy and positive coping style also with a statistical difference(β=0.295,P<0.01),and the mediating effect accounted for 70.91%of the total effect.Conclusions Emotional labor strategies can indirectly affect nurses'coping styles through their psychological resilience.Nursing managers should pay attention to the emotional labor and psychological resilience management of clinical nurses to help them actively respond to clinical challenges and ensure the quality of care.