玻纤表面处理用水性聚氨酯乳液合成与性能研究

Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Emulsion for Fiberglass Surface Treatment

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚二醇A、聚酯二醇B、亲水单体聚乙二醇PEG1000和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)等制备了阴/非离子型水性聚氨酯(WPU)。讨论了亲水单体(PEG+DMPA)用量、异氰酸酯指数(R值)、聚醚/聚酯二醇配比等对乳液及胶膜性能的影响,并比较了使用不同表面处理剂的玻纤增强尼龙复合材料的性能。结果表明:亲水单体用量增加时,乳液粒径减小,稳定存储时间增长;预聚体R值增大时,聚氨酯膜拉伸强度增大,断裂伸长率下降;聚酯二醇B增加时,聚氨酯膜的拉伸强度增大,耐热黄变能力增强;在亲水单体质量分数为6%、R值为1.6、聚醚二醇A与聚酯二醇B质量比为1/3条件下合成了WPU乳液,将其用于玻璃纤维表面处理并制备尼龙复合材料,复合材料的弯曲强度和无缺口冲击强度较使用普通处理剂的复合材料分别提高10.6%和15.2%。

A series of anionic/nonionic type waterborne polyurethane(WPU)emulsions were prepared with IPDI,polyoxyethylene glycol PEG1000,dimethylolpropionic acid(DMPA),polyether diol and polyester diol.The effects of hydrophilic monomer(PEG+DMPA)content,isocyanate index(R value)and polyether/polyester ratio on the properties of emulsion and films were discussed.Also,the properties of nylon composites reinforced with glass fiber which treated with different surface treating agents were compared.The results showed that the particle size of the emulsion reduced,but the storage stability increased when the hydrophilic monomer content increased.The tensile strength enhanced,but the elongation at break reduced when R value increased.When the amount of the polyester diol B increased,the tensile strength and heat yellowing resistance of the films increased.The fiberglass was treated with the WPU emulsion which prepared with hydrophilic monomer of 6%mass fraction,R value of 1.6 and the polyether diol A to polyester diol B mass ratio of 1/3,then to prepare nylon composite.The bending strength and non-notch impact of the composite were respectively 10.6%and 15.2%,and were higher than those of prepared by ordinary treating agent.