新时代生态扶贫的基本方略与政策建议

The Basic Strategy and Path Optimization of Ecological Poverty Alleviation in China

生态扶贫是我国新时代脱贫攻坚“五个一批”中的重要一环。马克思的自然生产力理论和环境贫困陷阱理论为生态扶贫提供了理论依据。根据不同地区的自然资源情况,我国生态扶贫采取了建立生态补偿、发展生态产业、异地生态移民三种基本方略,在实践中取得了明显成效,有力驳斥了中国环境威胁论,为全球减贫事业作出了新贡献。新时代进一步推进生态扶贫工作,关键是要充分激发土地、市场和主体三大要素,规范完善农村土地流转制度,创新发展“生态+”新业态,提高贫困人口的生态经济意识和技能。

Ecological poverty alleviation is an important part of the"five groups"of poverty alleviation in the new era.Marx's natural productivity theory and environmental poverty trap theory demonstrate the possibility and necessity of ecological poverty alleviation.The reality of regional coupling between economic poverty and ecological fragility is the direct reason for putting forward the strategy of ecological poverty alleviation.According to the situation of natural resources in different regions,the ecological poverty alleviation in China mainly adopts three modes,establishing ecological compensation,developing ecological industry and ecological migration to other places.China's ecological poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results,effectively refuted the theory of China's environmental threat,and provided reference for the global poverty alleviation.The key to further optimize the strategy of ecological poverty alleviation in the new era is to fully stimulate the three elements of land,market and human resource,improving the rural land circulation system,innovating the new ecological business pattern guided by market demand,and improving the eco-economic awareness and skills of the poor.