糯红高粱-大豆间作对鲜大豆农艺性状及经济效益的影响研究

Study on Effects of Glutinous Sorghum and Soybean Intercropping Mode on Agronomic Characters of Fresh Soybean and Economic Benefits

【目的】探寻糯红高粱-大豆间作体系中鲜大豆生长发育及产量的形成规律,对间作间作体系经济效益进行分析。【方法】利用单因素随机区组设计,分析2行高粱2行大豆间作(A1)、2行高粱4行大豆间作(A2)、大豆净作(对照,A3)3种栽培模式对大豆农艺性状、干物质积累、产量及经济效益的影响。【结果】在间作体系内,鲜食大豆作为低位作物,生长中后期受高粱遮荫影响,株高升高,茎粗、比叶重减小,茎干物质积累量和叶面积指数降低,产量性状指标均有所降低,鲜大豆产量不及净作;A1、A2栽培模式的土地当量比率(LER)分别为1.43、1.47,说明高粱大豆间作系统具有显著的产量优势;对于总体产值来说,A1、A2栽培模式较A3显著增加41.5%、39.3%;对不同栽培模式模式经济效益进行分析,除生产所投入的物质成本和人工成本外,A1、A2、A3栽培模式的纯收益为7937.29、7795.29、5449.68元/hm^(2)。【结论】A1栽培模式总体经济效益最好,整体产量提高最多。该间作系统既能满足对酿酒原材料的需求,又能缓解该地区对大豆的供需矛盾,是适宜该地区推广种植的经济高效栽培模式。

【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the growth and yield formation rule of fresh soybean in glutinous sorghum and soybean intercropping system,and to objectively analyze the economic benefits of intercropping system.【Method】The single factor randomized block design was set for 3 cultivation modes,namely,intercropping of two lines of sorghum and two lines of soybean(A1),intercropping of two lines of sorghum and four lines of soybean(A2),and soybean monoculture(A3)as CK,to analyze the effects of the above 3 modes on soybean agronomic characters,dry matter accumulation,yield and system economic benefits.【Result】In the intercropping system,fresh soybean(as a low crop),affected by the shading of sorghum in the middle and late growth periods,had increased plant height and decreased stem diameter,specific leaf weight,stem dry matter accumulation,leaf area index and yield character indexes,and the yield of fresh soybean was lower than that of the net crop.Under the intercropping mode,the land equivalent ratio(LER)of A1 and A2 were 1.43 and 1.47,respectively,indicating that sorghum and soybean intercropping system had significant yield advantage.For the overall output value,treatment A3 was significantly lower than that of treatment A1 and treatment A2 by 41.5%and 39.3%.For the analysis of economic benefits of different planting modes,in addition to the material cost and labor cost invested in production,the net incomes of A1,A2,A3 were 7937.29 yuan/ha,7795.29 yuan/ha and 5449.68 yuan/ha,respectively.【Conclusion】The A1 cultivation model has the best overall economic benefits,with the optimal yield increase.It can not only meet the needs of raw materials for wine making,but also alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of soybean in this area.It is an economic and efficient cultivation mode suitable for promotion and planting in this area.