浅水海豚三维空间定位与发声源级测量

Research on position location in three-dimensional and echolocation click sound source levels of dolphins in shallow water

详细阐述了单水听器和水听器阵列进行海豚定距定位的几何模型,以及利用不同接收通道间的时延差计算空间坐标的方法,结合实验数据计算了海豚在水中的三维空间坐标和回声定位信号的声源级,并开展了海豚运动轨迹追踪分析。结果表明,相对于单水听器,水听器阵列对测量环境和海豚行为的限制较少,但对采集设备的同步性和硬件连接有较高要求。误差分析表明水听器阵列在大于3 m的距离,定位误差可降低到5%以下。研究结果为精确计算海豚发声源级及海豚的声呐性能及行为研究提供了技术支撑。

A location method in shallow water with a single hydrophone and a multi-hydrophone array was introduced in detail in the present study and the time delay difference among different receiving channels was used to calculate spatial coordinates.Combining with the experimental data,the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of dolphins in water and the sound source level of echolocation clicks were calculated.The analysis of dolphin movement track was also carried out.The results show that the broad application range and working conditions of the multi-hydrophone array are more satisfactory and more accurate relative to the single hydrophone,but there are high requirement to synchronization and hardware connection of acquisition equipment.The error analysis shows that the positioning error of the hydrophone array can be reduced to less than 5% at a distance greater than 3 meters.The results of this study provide a technical support for the accurate calculation of click source level of dolphins and the research of dolphin sonar performance and behavior.