脑干听觉诱发电位在高危新生儿听力筛查中的应用价值

Application value of brainstem auditory evoked potential in hearing screening of high-risk neonates

目的探究脑干听觉诱发电位在高危新生儿听力筛查中的应用。方法选取2018年3月~2019年12月广东省妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)收治的300例高危新生儿作为研究对象。患者均利用脑干听觉诱发电位进行听力筛查。结果300例危重新生儿经过三个阶段的筛查,其中50例危重新生儿中存在25例轻度听力障碍(50.0%);15例中度听力障碍(30.0%);10例重度听力障碍(20.0%)。出生体重≤2000 g的危重新生儿听力障碍的发生率高于出生体重>2000~2500 g、>2500 g危重新生儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胎龄<36周危重新生儿听力障碍的发生率高于胎龄36~38周、>38~41周以及>41周的危重新生儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);剖宫产的危重新生儿听力障碍发生率高于自然分娩的危重新生儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女性危重新生儿听力障碍发生率高于男性危重新生儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将脑干听觉诱发电位应用于高危新生儿听力筛查中具有极高的准确性,其为实施具有针对性的预防和治疗方案提供依据,临床效果趋向理想,值得推广。

Objective To explore the application value of brainstem auditory evoked potential in hearing screening of high-risk neonates.Methods A total of 300 high-risk neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects.Results 300 critically ill newborns were screened in three stages,among which 25 cases(50.0%)had mild hearing impairment.15 cases had moderate hearing impairment(30.0%),10 cases had severe hearing impairment(20.0%).The incidence of hearing impairment in critically ill newborns with birth weight≤2000 g was higher than that in critically ill newborns with birth weight>2000-2500 g and>2500 g,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of hearing impairment in critically ill neonates with gestational age<36 weeks was higher than that in critically ill neonates with gestational age 36-38 weeks,>38-41 weeks,and>41 weeks,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of hearing impairment of the critically ill newborns delivered by cesarean section was higher than that of the critically ill newborns delivered naturally,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of hearing impairment in critically ill newborns in females was higher than that in males,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in high-risk newborn hearing screening has extremely high accuracy,which provides a basis for the implementation of targeted prevention and treatment regimens,and the clinical effects tend to be ideal and are worth promoting.