不同寄主植物繁育烟蚜和烟蚜茧蜂效果比较

Comparison of the ability of different host plants for rearing of Myzus persicae and Aphidius gifuensis

【目的】比较6种寄主植物繁育烟蚜和烟蚜茧蜂的能力,筛选出更多适宜繁殖烟蚜茧蜂的寄主植物,为烟蚜茧蜂低成本规模化繁育技术集成提供基础信息。【方法】采用茄科龙葵、云烟203、野生烟G80,十字花科小白菜和樱桃萝卜,以及旋花科空心菜作为烟蚜繁殖寄主植物,分别设10次重复,接蚜后每5 d调查1次单株蚜量,共调查4次;于接蜂30 d后调查僵蚜量、寄生蚜量和正常蚜虫量,并对6种寄主植物繁育的烟蚜茧蜂羽化率、雌性比、寿命和后足胫节长度进行比较。【结果】从繁蚜效果来看,6种寄主植物均可作为繁育烟蚜的理想寄主植物,其中以云烟203和龙葵的繁蚜效果最好,接蚜后第20 d的蚜量分别为3153.90和3369.80头/株,野生烟G80、空心菜、樱桃萝卜和小白菜的繁蚜效果次之;以空心菜的繁蚜速度最快,接蚜后15 d繁蚜量即超过2000.00头/株。从繁蜂效果来看,6种寄主植物上僵蚜量最高的是云烟203,达2081.90头/株,野生烟G80次之,僵蚜量为1805.60头/株,空心菜的僵蚜量最少,为1261.40头/株。各寄主植物上繁育的僵蚜羽化率以龙葵最高,为92.00%,显著高于其他5种寄主植物(P<0.05,下同);云烟203、野生烟G80和樱桃萝卜繁育的僵蚜羽化率次之,三者间无显著差异(P>0.05,下同);小白菜和空心菜繁育的僵蚜羽化率相对较低,分别为74.00%和69.00%;6种寄主植物中除空心菜繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂雌性比较低外,其他5种寄主植物繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂雌性比均较高,在65.00%左右,5者间无显著差异;各寄主植物繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂寿命存在一定差异,且雌蜂寿命均长于雄蜂,其中以龙葵和樱桃萝卜繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂雌峰寿命最长,显著长于其他4种寄主植物;6种寄主植物繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂后足胫节长度均显著长于雄蜂,不同寄主植物繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂雄蜂后足胫节长度无显著差异,以小白菜繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂后足胫节长度最短,为0.75 mm,显著短于其他5种寄主植物。【结论】龙葵和樱桃萝卜可替代烟草类寄主植物用于繁蚜繁蜂。

【Objective】To provide basic information for the mass rearing of Aphidius gifuensis,the ability of six host plants rearing Myzus persicae and A.gifuensis were compared and more suitable host plants to rear M.persicae and A.gifuensis were selected.【Method】Solanum nigrum,Nicotiana tabacum 203,N.tabacum G80 belonging to Solanaceae,Raphanus sativus,Brassica campestris belonging to Cruciferae,Ipomoea aquatica belonging to Convolvulaceae were used as host plants,10 replications were set,number of aphids were counted per plant every 5 d after aphids inoculation,measured 4 times,and the number of mummified aphids,parasitic aphids,normal aphids were counted after 30 d of A.gifuensis released,the emergency rate,female rate of A.gifuensis,the longevity,and the length of metathoracic tibia of offspring reared on six host plants were compared.【Result】From the mass rearing of aphids,six host plants could be used for rearing of aphids.The most suitable hosts were S.nigrum and N.tabacum 203,the number of aphids after 20 d after aphids inoculation were 3153.90 and 3369.80 aphids per plant respectively,followed by N.tabacum G80,I.aquatica,R.sativus and B.campestris.The increasing number of aphids on I.aquatica was the fastest,the number of aphids ex-ceeding 2000.0 aphids per plant after 15 d of inoculation.From the mass rearing of A.gifuensis,and the highest average number of mummified aphids was 2081.90 aphids per plant on N.tabacum 203,then 1805.60 aphids per plant on N.tabacum G80,and the lowest was 1261.40 aphids per plant on I.aquatica.The emergency rate on different host plants was the highest on S.nigrum as 92.00%,which was significantly higher than other five host plants(P<0.05).Then the emergency rates on N.tabacum 203,N.tabacum G80 and R.sativus were high,showed no significant difference among the three of them(P>0.05).Then the emergency rates on B.campestris and I.aquatica were lower,which were 74.00%and 69.00%respectively.In six host plants,except for the lower A.gifuensis female rate on I.aquatica,the A.gifuensis female rates of the other five host plants were high,about 65.00%,and there was no significant difference among the five host plants.There was difference in the longevity of offspring on each host plant,and the longevity of offspring of the females was longer than the males.The longevity of female offspring on S.nigrum and R.sativus were the highest,and significantly higher than other four plant host.The length of the hind leg of the female A.gifuensis offspring was significantly longer than that of the male A.gifuensis offspring on the six host plants,there was no significant difference in the length of the hind leg of the female A.gifuensis offspring of the six host plants.The length of metathoracic tibia was shortest in the female offspring reared on B.campestris,that was 0.75 mm,significantly lower than that on other five host plants.【Conclusion】Generally,in addition to tobacco,S.nigrum and R.sativus can be used as alternative host plants for rearing of M.persicae and A.gifuensis.