设施中果型优质无籽西瓜新品种桂系5号的选育

Breeding of medium fruit type seedless watermelon variety Guixi No.5 under facility cultivation

【目的】选育适合设施栽培西瓜新品种,丰富广西优质无籽西瓜品种类型,为广西西瓜产业高质量发展提供品种支持。【方法】2013年春季以四倍体西瓜MT410n-1作母本、HLL40-3作父本,配组选育三倍体无籽西瓜一代杂交种桂系5号,2014年开始连续在南宁市武鸣区试验基地进行多茬新组合栽培观察及综合鉴定评价,2016—2019年同步进行多点、多造大棚设施环境栽培的品种比较试验、区域试验和生产示范试验。【结果】桂系5号为中果型三倍体无籽西瓜新品种,果实发育期27~35 d,全生育期春茬85~110 d,夏秋茬65~85 d,生长势强,抗病抗逆性强,不易早衰,极易坐果;果实高圆形,果皮绿色覆盖墨绿条带,果面光滑有光泽,皮厚0.8~1.0 cm,皮坚韧且硬,抗裂性好、耐贮运,商品率高;果肉大红色,剖面均匀,白秕子少,无籽性状好;肉质脆甜多汁,口感好,中心可溶性固形物含量11.0%~12.5%,果实品质优良。品种比较试验平均单瓜重2.54 kg,平均产量57103.5 kg/ha,比对照(蜜童,下同)增产22.5%;区域试验平均单瓜重2.49 kg,平均产量56137.5 kg/ha,比对照增产20.7%;生产示范试验平均单瓜重2.40~2.60 kg,平均产量43564.5~53023.5 kg/ha,比对照增产15.7%~23.9%。2019年9月通过国家非主要农作物品种登记。【结论】无籽西瓜新品种桂系5号适宜大棚设施栽培,可作精品西瓜生产,种植西瓜的地区均可推广种植。

【Objective】Breeding new watermelon varieties suitable for facility cultivation,enriching Guangxi high quality seedless watermelon varieties,and providing variety support for the high quality development of Guangxi watermelon industry.【Method】In the spring of 2013,the tetraploid watermelon MT410n-1 was used as the female parent and the HLL40-3 as the male parent,and the triploid seedless watermelon first generation hybrid Guixi No.5 was bred.In 2014,the observation and comprehensive evaluation of new multi-crop cultivation were carried out in Wuming District of Nanning City.Comparison test,regional test and production demonstration test of multi-site and greenhouse facilities were conducted during 2016-2019.【Result】Guixi No.5 was medium fruit type triploidseedless watermelon variety.The fruit development period was 27-35 d,the whole growth period in spring was 85-110 d,and 65-85 d in summer and autumn,with strong growth potential,strong resistance to disease and stress,it was not easy to premature decline,easy to bear fruit.The fruit was oval,peel was green covered with dark green belt,with smooth and glossy fruit surface,skin thickness was 0.8-1.0 cm,with tough and hard skin,good crack resistance,easy storage and high commodity rate.The pulpwas bright red,with uniform profile,less white blighted grain,good seedless character,crisp,sweet and juicy pulp,good taste and central soluble solids content at 11.0%-12.5%,the fruit quality was good.Average weight of single melon was 2.54 kg in variety comparison test,average yield was 57103.5 kg/ha,increased by 22.5%compared with con trol(Mitong,the same below).In regional test,average single melon weight was 2.49 kg,average yield was 56137.5 kg/ha,in creased by 20.7%than control.In production demonstration test,average single melon weight was 2.40-2.60 kg,average yield was 43564.5 to 53023.5 kg/ha.Compared with the control,the increase was 15.7%-23.9%.In September,2019,the variety has passed the national non-main crop varieties registration.【Conclusion】The new seedless watermelon variety Guixi No.5 is suitable for greenhouse cultivation,which can be cultivated as fine watermelon,and can be popularized and planted in watermelon growing areas.