柠檬花精油挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

Volatile components in essential oil of lemon flower by GC-MS

【目的】对柠檬8份种质资源的花进行精油提取和成分分析鉴定,分析8种柠檬花精油挥发性成分组成差异和相似度,为柠檬花资源的开发利用、不同种质柠檬亲缘关系鉴定及优质柠檬种质的筛选提供基础数据。【方法】利用水蒸气蒸馏法对福建省泉州市国家农业科技园区果蔬园柠檬良种筛选圃内尤力克、费米耐劳、印度大果、越南四季柠檬、台湾香水柠檬、漳州本地柠檬、北京柠檬和江苏2号等8份种质资源的花进行精油提取,运用气相色谱—质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析和鉴定其挥发性成分,并采用SPSS 22.0进行相似度分析。【结果】8份柠檬花精油出油率为0.052%~0.139%。共鉴定出151种挥发性成分,其中萜烯类52种、醇类47种、酯类15种、醛类11种、酮类10种、烷烃类7种、酚类4种、其他5种。尤力克共鉴定出挥发性成分54种,费米耐劳67种,印度大果27种,越南四季柠檬78种,台湾香水柠檬27种,漳州本地柠檬45种,北京柠檬42种,江苏2号42种。8份柠檬花精油共有成分8种,分别为D-柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、β-石竹烯、柠檬醛、芳樟醇、α-松油醇和香叶醇;特异性成分78种,其中尤力克6种、费米耐劳19种、印度大果2种、越南四季柠檬29种、台湾香水柠檬4种、漳州本地柠檬3种、北京柠檬7种、江苏2号8种。柠檬花精油中以萜烯类(35.29%~80.81%)、醇类(7.91%~43.04%)和醛类(0.19%~14.67%)相对含量较多,其中萜烯类中相对含量较高的有D-柠檬烯、β-蒎烯和3-蒈烯,醇类中相对含量较高的有合金欢醇和芳樟醇,醛类中相对含量较高的是柠檬醛。8份柠檬花精油间关系最近的是北京柠檬与江苏2号,相似度为0.996,最远的是越南四季柠檬与台湾香水柠檬,相似度为0.650。【结论】不同柠檬花精油出油率和成分的差异反映柠檬不同种质间的遗传差异。同时,柠檬花精油中含有的成分具有良好的开发和应用价值。

【Objective】The essential oil was extracted and identifiedfrom the flowers of eight lemon germplasms,and the differences and similarities of volatile components of eight kinds of lemon essential oils were analyzed,so as to provide basic data for the development and application of lemon flower resources,identification of genetic relationship and screening of high-quality lemon varieties.【Method】The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation from lemon flowers of eight germplasm resources,in lemon seed screening nursery,fruit and vegetable garden,Quanzhou National Agricultural Science Park,Fujian,including Eureka,Femminello,Interdonato,Vietnam lemon,Perfume lemon Taiwan,Local lemon Zhangzhou,Meyer lemon,Jiangsu 2.The volatile components were analyzed and identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and SPSS 22.0 was used for similarity analysis.【Result】The content of essential oil in eightsamples was 0.052%-0.139%.A total of 151 volatile components were identified.There were 52,47,15,11,10,7,4 and 5 compounds of terpenes,alcohol,esters,aldehydes,ketones,alkanes,phenols and others.There were 54,67,27,78,27,45,42 and 42 volatile compounds in the flowers of Eureka,Femminello,Interdonato,Vietnam lemon,Perfume lemon Taiwan,Local lemon Zhangzhou,Meyer lemon,and Jiangsu 2.Among them,there were eightcommon constituents,including D-limonene,β-pinene,3-carene,β-caryophyllene,citral,linalool,α-terpineol and geraniol,and 78 specific components.There were 6,19,2,29,4,3,7 and 8 specific components in the flowers of Eureka,Femminello,Interdonato,Vietnam lemon,Perfume lemon Taiwan,Local lemon Zhangzhou,Meyer lemon,and Jiangsu 2.The content of terpenes(35.29%-80.81%),alcohols(7.91%-43.04%)and aldehydes(0.19%-14.67%)were the main components in the essential oil of lemon flower.The terpenes with higher content were D-limonene,β-pinene and 3-carene,the higher content of alcohol werefarnesol and linalool,and the higher content of aldehydes was citral.The closest similarity of the eight essential oils was Meyer lemon and Jiangsu 2.The similarity was 0.996.The farthest was Vietnam lemon and Perfume lemon Taiwan.The similarity was 0.650.【Conclusion】The difference in oil yield and composition of different lemon flower essential oils reflects the genetic differences between different lemon germplasms.At the same time,the components contained in lemon flower essential oil have good development and application value.