近代社会变迁背景下护理业的发展——以看护与护士之“变”为视角

Development of nursing under the background of modern social change——From the perspective of“change”between nursing and nurse

19世纪后半叶西方传教士来华医药传教活动推动了西医护理业在华的产生与发展。随着护理业在华发展,对护理从业者的称呼也在不断发生变化,其中多以看护和护士二词较为常见。以看护与护士之“变”为视角,是为分析护理人员称呼使用的变化及护理人员来源的发展变化,从而进一步思考我国近代护理业发展与近代社会变迁。看护与护士之“变”不仅是护理业从业者名称的变化,更是近代社会在不同国家医疗模式影响下护理业发展的具体表现。随着社会环境变迁,政府主导下的护理业逐渐面向规范化及职业化的发展方向,护理业内部选择以及社会发展的外在推力促使其发生转变,护理业也得到了社会进一步的认可与接纳。

In the second half of the 19th century,western missionaries came to China for medical missionary activities,which promoted the emergence and development of western nursing.With the development of nursing in China,the appellation of nursing practitioners is constantly changing,among which the two words“nursing”and“nurse”are more common.From the perspective of“change”between nursing and nurse,this paper aims to analyze the changes in the use of appellations for nurses and the source of nurses,so as to further consider the development of modern nursing and the social changes in China.The transform of nursing and nurse is not only a change in the name of nursing practitioners,but also a manifestation of gradual development in nursing under the influence of different medical models in modern society.With the change of social environment,the development of nursing was gradually standardized and professionalized under the leadership of the government.The internal choices of nursing and the external thrust of social development promote its transformation of nursing.The nursing has also been further recognized and accepted in the society.