植物蛋白磷酸酶2C结构和功能的研究现状与进展

Research status and progress in structure and function of protein phosphatase 2C in plants

蛋白磷酸酶是蛋白质可逆磷酸化过程中2个关键酶之一,蛋白磷酸酶2C(protein phosphatase 2C,PP2C)是蛋白磷酸酶的重要成员。PP2C是一类丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶,可以调控真核生物细胞生命活动。PP2C成员主要参与激素信号转导途径,尤其可作为脱落酸信号途径的关键调节因子,能响应各种生物和非生物胁迫,在器官发育和种子萌发等方面也具有重要的促进作用。在不同的植物中也发现了越来越多的PP2C成员,该酶在不同的植物、不同的生长环境以及不同的生理活动中均有不同的调控方式,这也是目前及今后对PP2C成员的研究方向。本文主要介绍了植物PP2C家族的结构特点、亚细胞定位及其在生长发育、激素信号转导、逆境胁迫方面的研究现状,以及在提高植物生物产量、促进果实发育等方面的新进展。

Protein phosphatase is one of the two key enzymes in the process of protein reversible phosphorylation.Protein phosphatase 2Cs(PP2Cs)are the important members of protein phosphatases.They are attributed to serine/threonine protein phosphatases(STPs)and can regulate the life activities of eukaryotic cells.PP2C members play an important role in hormone signal transduction pathways,especially abscisic acid(ABA)signal pathways;they can respond to various biotic and abiotic stresses,and also regulate organ development and seed germination.Recently,more and more PP2C members are found in plants.The regulation mechanisms of the PP2C members are diverse in different plants,different growth environments,and different physiological activities.The related research is an important topic.This review mainly introduces the structural characteristics,and subcellular localization of PP2C family in plants,and the research progresses in plant growth and development,hormone signal transductions,and stress responses,as well as in aspects of improving plant biological yield and promoting fruit development.