一种多功能腹膜透析标本留取装置的设计与应用

Design and application of a multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen retention device

目的设计一种多功能腹膜透析标本装置盒,用于腹膜平衡试验(PET)和充分性标本的留取,方便临床使用。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2018年1—12月空军军医大学西京医院肾脏内科拟行PET和透析充分性评估的90例患者为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各45例。观察组患者应用多功能腹膜透析标本留取装置留取腹膜透析液标本及转运,对照组应用传统方法留取及转运标本。比较两组患者PET、充分性评估标本采集操作耗时、满意率、标本差错率。结果观察组患者共留取PET标本82次,对照组患者共留取PET标本80次,观察组标本采集耗时短于对照组,差错率低于对照组,满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组45例患者共留取透析充分性标本158次,对照组45例患者共留取透析充分性标本161次。观察组标本采集耗时短于对照组,差错率低于对照组,满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多功能腹膜透析标本留取装置同时具备结构简单、操作方便和成本低廉的特点,节约了护理人员的操作时间,减少了操作运输失误,避免了标本污染,对临床腹膜转运功能和透析充分性评估及指导制定透析处方具有积极作用。

Objective To design a multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen device box for peritoneal equilibration test(PET)and retention of adequacy specimens for convenient clinical use.Methods The convenient sampling was used to select 90 patients who planned to perform PET and dialysis adequacy assessments in Department of Nephrology in Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA from January to December 2018 as research objects.They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 45 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group used a multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen retention device to retain and transport peritoneal dialysate specimens,while the control group used traditional methods to retain and transport specimens.The time-consumption,satisfaction rate and specimen error rate of PET and adequacy specimen collection operation were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 82 PET specimens were collected in the observation group and 80 PET specimens were collected in the control group.The time-consumption of specimen of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group,the error rate was lower than that of the control group,and the satisfaction rate was higher than that of the control group.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).A total of 158 dialysis adequacy specimens were collected from 45 patients in the observation group and 161 dialysis adequacy specimens were collected from 45 patients in the control group.The specimen time-consumption of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group,the error rate was lower than that of the control group,and the satisfaction rate was higher than that of the control group.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions The multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen retention device has the characteristics of simple structure,convenient operation and low cost,which saves the operation time of nurses,reduces operation and transportation errors,avoids specimen contamination and has a positive effect on evaluation of clinical peritoneal transport function and adequacy of dialysis and guiding the formulation of dialysis prescriptions.