模拟进近着陆飞行学员眼动模式的研究

Study on eye movement Pattern of Pilot Cadets During Simulated Approach Landing

目的对模拟进近着陆任务下飞行学员视觉扫视模式进行检测、分析,为显示信息优化和飞行训练提供依据。方法飞行学员在模拟器上进行进近着陆的飞行试验,在进近着陆阶段(包括180°转弯及着陆阶段)利用视觉跟踪装置记录飞行学员的眼动数据,将视觉信息源划分不同的兴趣区,对各兴趣区的注视点个数、平均注视时间、注视时间百分比、瞳孔直径等指标进行分析。结果在180°转弯阶段,被试主要关注频繁的兴趣区有迎角指示器、着陆点、坡度和升降率;兴趣区平均注视时间结果显示着陆点、偏航距、坡度及迎角指示器的平均注视时间居于前四位。注视时间百分比指标前四位是迎角指示器、舱外着陆点、坡度及升降率。着陆阶段飞行学员主要关注迎角指示器、对中跑道及下滑线指示灯,注视点个数、注视时间百分比及平均注视时间三个兴趣区无明显差异(P>0.05);模拟着陆阶段的瞳孔直径显著高于180°转弯阶段。结论眼动指标可以间接反映飞行学员注意力分配规律和脑力负荷。目视飞行条件下,飞行学员在各兴趣区注意力分配的情况与任务阶段密切相关,模拟着陆阶段的脑力负荷明显高于180°转弯阶段的脑力负荷。本研究结果为相关兴趣区显示信息的工效学优化设计和飞行学员的飞行训练提供了技术支撑。

Objective To detect and analyze the visual behavior pattern of pilot cadets during simulated approach landing for the purpose of cockpit display optimization and flight training.Methods Subjects performed a simulated takeoff and landing task.Eye movement data were recorded by eye tracking device during the phase of simulated approach landing(including 180°turning and approach landing).The visual information sources were divided into different areas of interest(AOIs).Four relative indices including fixation numbers,average fixation duration,percentage of fixation time and pupil diameter were analyzed.Results During the 180°turning phase,subjects paid frequent attention to the interest areas including angle of attack indicator,landing point,slope,rate of rise and fall.The average fixation duration showed that the top four sources were landing point,yaw distance,slope and angle of attack indicator.Percentage of fixation time indicated the top four were angle of attack indicator,landing point,slope,and rate of rise and fall.During the phase of landing,the subjects paid attention to angle of attack indicator,center runaway and glide light.The fixation numbers,average fixation duration,percentage of fixation time all showed the similar level(P>0.05).The pupil diameters were larger during the phase of landing than those during the 180°turning phase(P>0.05).Conclusion Eye movement indices could reflect indirectly the patterns of subjects'attention allocation and evaluate their mental workload.In visual flight rules(VFR)condition,the attention allocation is closely related to flight task.The mental workload during the simulated landing stage was significantly higher than that during the 180°turn stage.This research will be helpful for the ergonomic optimization of cockpit display design and pilots'training.