中国武术物质文化遗产保护的实践、困境与路径突破

Practice,Predicament and Reform:Research on Chinese Wushu Tangible Cultural Heritage

为进一步推进我国武术物质文化遗产保护,主要通过文献资料法与实地考察法,对武术物质文化遗产保护的意义、实践与特征、困境以及路径突破等方面进行了细致的探讨。研究指出,武术物质文化遗产保护可以提供关于武术新的知识和观念,推动武术与物质文化遗产相关学科的交融,以及有助于理解武术历史的生成,因而具有特殊的理论与实践意义。自清末以降,武术物质文化遗产保护经历了笼统泛化保护、政府主导的全国挖整保护、博物馆为主的专业化保护三个阶段。同时,呈现出保护范围逐渐完善、保护方法逐渐科学化与多样化,并形成了政府、社会、学者、大众多方参与的保护格局特征。研究认为,当前武术物质文化遗产保护意识淡薄、保护机制仍不健全、保护资金匮乏、专业技术人才短缺、保护法律法规亟待完善、相关研究滞后。研究提出了进一步突破这些保护困境的可行性路径。

Based on literature study and investigation,this paper discussed the significance,practice,characteristics,predicaments and reform of the protection of Wushu tangible cultural heritage.It indicated that the protection of Wushu tangible cultural heritage could provide new knowledge,promote integration of disciplines,and enhance understanding of Wushu history.Wushu tangible cultural heritage experienced three stages from the end of Qing dynasty:generalized protection,government-led national protection and museum-led professional protection.It showed that the protective scope was gradually improved and the protection method was gradually scientific and diversified,forming the protection pattern of government,sociologist and public participation.Countermeasures were put forth to solve problems such as weak awareness of protection,lack of social consensus,imperfect protection mechanism,lack of funds,shortage of professional personnel,imperfect laws,incomplete academic research,etc.