基于驾驶模拟的自动驾驶接管行为研究

Study on take-over behavior of automated driving based on driving simulation

为探索有条件自动驾驶对非驾驶相关任务的允准边界,基于实车驾驶模拟器,设计自动驾驶接管试验典型场景,招募30名被试者开展驾驶模拟试验;要求驾驶人执行3种分心形式的驾驶次任务,系统发出接管请求提示后,驾驶人接管车辆控制权以避免险情发生,并分析驾驶人接管反应时间、驾驶负荷以及驾驶绩效等相关数据。结果表明:驾驶次任务涉及的分心形式越复杂,接管过程安全性越差,视觉分心任务与操作分心任务对接管行为影响显著;驾驶人更倾向于选择制动操作接管车辆,次任务分心程度越高,制动接管比例越大;与乘客聊天对接管行为影响不显著,看视频和玩手机游戏均会显著延长接管反应时间,增加工作负荷与车辆纵向减速度,玩手机游戏还会显著提升车辆横向加速度。

In order to explore the allowable boundary of conditional automated driving for the non-driving-related tasks,based on a real-vehicle driving simulator,a typical scenario for the take-over tests of automated driving was designed,and 30 subjects were recruited to carry out the driving simulation tests.The drivers were required to perform the driving subtasks of three distraction forms.After the system sent a take-over request prompt,the driver would take over the control of vehicle to avoid the danger,and the take-over reaction time,driving workload,driving performance and other related data of the drivers were analyzed.The results showed that the more complicated the distraction form involved in the driving subtask,the worse the safety of take-over process.The visual distraction task and the operation distraction task had significant influence on the take-over behavior.The drivers were more inclined to choose the brake operation to take over the vehicle,and the higher the degree of distraction in the subtask,the greater the proportion of brake take-over.Talking with the passengers had no significant effect on the take-over behavior.Watching videos and playing mobile games would significantly extend the take-over response time,increase the workload and vehicle longitudinal deceleration,and playing mobile games would also significantly increase the vehicle lateral acceleration.