政府培训与农民工就业质量提升

Government Training and Improvement of Migrant Workers'Employment Quality

在政府着力促进农民工就业,保障农民工权益的同时,政府培训的作用受到质疑。基于2014年全国流动人口社会融合与心理健康调查数据,运用处理效应模型、工具变量回归、匹配倾向估计等方法,实证检验了政府培训对农民工就业质量的影响效应。研究结果表明:政府培训显著促进了农民工就业质量提升。具体来看,政府培训有助于降低农民工劳动供给强度,提高其签订长期劳动合同的概率,对其参加养老保险和医疗保险有正向影响,但并不能直接提高其收入水平。政府培训对高就业质量农民工积极效应明显,但对低就业质量农民工作用不显著。政府培训提高农民工就业质量的主要效能是助力农民工获得正式单位工作机会和白领工作岗位。

While the government is working hard to promote the employment of migrant workers and protect their rights and interests,the role of government training has been questioned.Based on the data of 2014 National Floating Population Social Integration and Mental Health Survey,using processing effect models,instrumental variable regression,matching tendency estimation and other methods,this paper empirically tests the impact of government training on the employment quality of migrant workers.The results show thatgovernment training has significantly promoted the employment quality of migrant workers.Specifically,government training can help migrant workers reduce the intensity of labor supply,improve the probability of signing long⁃term labor contracts,and have a positive impact on their participation in endowment insurance and medical insurance,but it cannot directly improve their income level.Government training has obvious positive effects on high⁃quality migrant workers,but it has no significant effect on low⁃quality migrant workers.The main mechanism of government training to improve the employment quality of migrant workers is to help migrant workers obtain formal job opportunities and white⁃collar jobs.