文人竹枝词的历史转承与文化变迁

The Historical Transfer and Cultural Change of Literati Zhuzhi Poetry

竹枝词,又名“竹枝曲”“竹枝”“巴渝歌”等,本是古代巴渝地区的古老民歌,随着中国诗歌的历史进程,竹枝词与其他民歌、风土诗逐渐合流,内涵与外延不断扩大,成为“地域性诗歌”的代名词。因其不拘格律,形式多变,诗下注释详备,引经据典,亦堪称“诗志”,扩大了竹枝词的实用功能。竹枝词发展中出现了三次创作高峰,分别发生在元末、明末清初、清中期,其中:元末以杨维桢为核心的“西湖竹枝酬唱”群体,明末清初以万斯同、李邺嗣为代表的遗民诗人群体和以朱彝尊为代表的《鸳鸯湖棹歌》唱和群体,清中期以纪昀为代表的贬谪文人群体等为竹枝词的繁荣与理论突破作出了较大贡献。

Zhuzhi poetry,also known as“Zhuzhi Qu”,“Zhuzhi”and“Ba-Yu song”,was originally an ancient folk song in the ancient Ba-Yu area.Along with the historical process of Chinese poetry,Zhuzhi poetry gradually merged with other folk songs and local poetry,with its connotation and extension constantly expanding,becoming the synonym of“regional poetry”.Due to its informal rules,varied forms,detailed notes under the poem,citing from the classics,it can also be called“Shi Zhi”,which enlarges the practical function of Zhuzhi poetry.There were three creative peaks in the development of Zhuzhi poetry.It occurred at the end of the Yuan Dynasty,during late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,and in the mid of Qing Dynasty.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty,Yang Weizhen as the core of the“west lake Zhuzhi poetry”group,during late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,the“remaining poets group”represented by Wan Sitong and Li Yesi,the“Yuanyang Lake Song”group with Zhu Yizun as the representative,in the middle of Qing Dynasty,the group of exiled literati represented by Ji Yun all made greater contribution to the prosperity and theoretical breakthrough of Zhuzhi poetry.