私人主体参与全球行政法

Private Parties and Global Administrative Law

在全球化环境下,除了国家、正在争取独立的民族以及国家间的国际组织,越来越多的私人主体直接参与到超国家行政关系中来,成为全球行政法的主体。"全球行政法"被定义为包括那些促进或以其他方式影响全球行政机构问责性,特别是确保其达到透明度、参与性、合理决策和合法性方面的充分标准以及对其形成的规则和决定提供有效审查的机制、原则、惯例和支持性的社会认同。从全球行政法形成的三个阶段可以清晰看出,传统二元性法律理论与全球行政法发展之间的联系,进而明晰私人主体是如何一步步迈向全球行政法,成为全球行政法主体。在当前的环境下,私人主体参与全球行政法也面临一些困境,需要逐步解决。

With the development of globalization, In addition to nations, nations striving for independence, and international organizations between nations,more and more private parties engaged themselves in the supernational administrative legal relationship directly and they became one kind of new subject to global administrative law. The term"global administrative law"is defined as comprising the mechanisms, principles, practices, and supporting social understandings that promote or otherwise affect the accountability of global administrative bodies, in particular by ensuring they meet adequate standards of transparency, participation, reasoned decision, and legality, and by providing effective review of the rules and decisions they make. This essay analyzes the three phases of the global administrative law, and illustrate the relations between the crisis in the dualism theory and the development of global administrative law. The paper also explains how private parties become the subject to the global administrative law. However, under the current circumstances, private parties are in the face of numerous challenges in the process of participating in global administrative law, which are supposed to get over.