伏牛山区山羊遗传多样性和遗传资源评估

Evaluation on the genetic diversity and resource of goats in Funiu mountain area

线粒体DNA遗传变异丰富,是研究群体遗传多样性重要手段。文章以伏牛山区伏牛白山羊、尧山白山羊和槐山羊3个地方山羊品种为研究对象,分析线粒体DNA D-loop区全序列遗传多态性,评估伏牛山区山羊遗传资源现状。遗传多态性研究结果表明,槐山羊(Hd=0.975,Pi=0.01092)与尧山白山羊(Hd=0.895,Pi=0.00832)遗传多态性丰富,伏牛白山羊(Hd=0.456,Pi=0.01234)为中度遗传多态性;系统发育树聚类为五小支(CladeⅠ~Ⅴ),伏牛白山羊存在独立分支,槐山羊和尧山白山羊未形成独立分支,3个品种间未达到种间遗传距离;单倍型分析共鉴定56个单倍型(Hap 1~56)和2个单倍群,且槐山羊和尧山白山羊存在共享单倍型(Hap 3、8和33)。网络图结果表明伏牛山区3个山羊品种存在两个母系起源;中性检验结果表明伏牛白山羊经历瓶颈效应和平衡选择(P<0.02),槐山羊和尧山白山羊群体近期维持动态平衡(P>0.1)。研究对国家山羊品种资源保护、开发和利用以及河南省区域生态和产业发展提供理论基础和生产指导。

The genetic variations of mitochondria DNA are abundant,which is an important tool to analyze genetic diversity of populations.In this study,to evaluate the genetic resources of goats in Funiu mountain area,the genetic diversity of mitochondria DNA D-loop sequences was analyzed in Funiu white goat,Yaoshan white goat,and Huai goat.The genetic polymorphism results showed that Huai goat(Hd=0.975,Pi=0.01092)and Yaoshan white goat(Hd=0.895,Pi=0.00832)presented abundant genetic diversity,and Funiu white goat(Hd=0.456,Pi=0.01234)presented a moderate genetic diversity.The phylogenetic tree analysis clustered the goats into five small branches(CladeⅠ-Ⅴ),in which Funiu white goat had independent branch,while Huai goat and Yaoshan white goat were not.The genetic distance between three goat breeds didn't reach the standard of species difference.A total of 56 haplotypes(Hap 1-56)and 2 haplogroups were identified,and Huai goat and Yaoshan white goat shared three common haplotypes(Hap 3,8 and 33).The haplotype network indicated that two maternal origins existed in the three breeds of Funiu moutain area.The neutrality test demonstrated that Funiu white goat undergone bottleneck effect and balancing selection(P<0.02)while Huai goat and Yaoshan white goat maintained equilibrium(P>0.1)in recent decades.This study provides theoretical basis and production guidance for the protection,development and utilization of Chinese goat genetic resources as well as regional ecology and industrial development of Henan Province.