正畸牙移动困难相关因素研究进展

Research progress on factors related to the difficulty of orthodontic tooth movement

正畸牙移动是以牙周组织塑建为生物学基础的复杂生理过程。许多因素如口颌复合体的解剖特征、咬合干扰、机械因素及系统性因素等都可能对其造成影响,导致正畸牙移动困难。近年来,国内外学者非常关注牙移动困难相关因素的研究,但当前有关正畸牙移动困难的研究多为动物实验及回顾性研究,亟需高质量的临床试验及循证医学研究。许多正畸牙移动困难相关因素的作用机制尚存在争议,未形成一个普遍认可的完善理论体系,目前认为牙槽骨缺损、上颌窦、牙龈、牙根粘连、骨岛和摩擦力等因素都可能导致正畸牙移动困难。了解正畸牙移动困难的相关因素有助于正畸医生为患者制定更全面的个性化治疗方案,实现更高效、安全的牙移动。本文对目前正畸牙移动困难的相关因素作一综述,为正畸临床治疗提供参考。

Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex physiological process based on periodontal tissue remodeling.Numerous factors,such as the anatomical characteristics of oral and maxillofacial complications,occlusal interference,mechanical factors and systematic factors,may play critical roles in orthodontic tooth movement,leading to tooth move⁃ment difficulty.In recent years,many scholars have focused on factors related to tooth movement difficulty,but current research mostly involves animal experiments and retrospective studies.Clinical trials of high⁃quality and evidence⁃based medicine studies are required.Although no sound theory system is available that is universally recognized and the mechanism of many factors remains debatable,alveolar bone defects,the maxillary sinus,the gingiva,tooth ankylo⁃sis,bone islands and friction may cause orthodontic tooth movement.Understanding the factors related to the difficulty of orthodontic tooth movement is advantageous to develop a more comprehensive personalized treatment plan for pa⁃tients and achieve more efficient and safer tooth movement.In this paper,the current factors related to orthodontic tooth movement are reviewed to provide references for clinical orthodontic treatment.