合作的阶梯--社会组织抗击新冠疫情的联合行动研究

Cooperation Ladder of the Nonprofit Sector:Research on Collective Actions of NPOs to Fight the COVID-19 Epidemic

新冠疫情发生以来,社会组织的联合行动屡见不鲜且不断优化升级。为此,本文旨在扫描和探索社会组织合作网络的典型形态及发展趋势。基于社会组织联合行动的案例研究,本文根据“行动者网络理论”建立了分析框架,研究表明,第一,社会组织联合抗击疫情期间出现了“松散型”、“垂直型”及“去中心化”等典型形态的合作网络,其中“去中心化”是一种具有较强自主性的新型合作形态。第二,应急时期出现的“复杂需求”与“政治机遇”,以及常态时期累积的“社会创业家精神”和“联结性社会资本”等共同驱动了垂直型合作网络迈向去中心化阶段。上述三种合作形态各自存在不可替代的功能,它们共同构成了社会组织联合行动的生态系统,本文将社会组织联合行动的动态实践图景归纳为“合作的阶梯”。

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic,collective actions by NPOs have been constantly upgraded.This article aims to scan and analyze the typical forms and development trends of inter-organizational collaborative networks.Based on many cases,this paper establishes a research framework employed the“Actor-Network Theory”.The finding shows that:First,there are three typical inter-organizational collaborative networks including loose cooperation,vertical cooperation and decentralized cooperation.The last type is a new form of cooperation during fighting the COVID-19 Epidemic in the nonprofit sector.Second,there are four conditions to drive the decentralized collaborative networks,such as complex demands and political opportunities in emergency situation,and the spirit of social entrepreneurship and connected social capital cultivated by routine activities.This article summarizes the dynamic practice of social organizations'collective actions named“cooperation ladder”.