滕尼斯与现代德国社会学--读《滕尼斯传:佛里斯兰人与世界公民》

Ferdinand Tönnies and Modern German Sociology

“社区”/“共同体”(community)已然成为一个耳熟能详的经典概念,但其缔造者斐迪南·滕尼斯似乎并不为人所熟知。本文以《滕尼斯传:佛里斯兰人与世界公民》为例,从人生史与学科史相互交融的视角,探讨和解析滕尼斯与现代德国社会学之间的深切关联。滕尼斯的一生,深刻凝聚和承载了德国社会学制度化的结晶,他推动和实现了社会学在德国从诞生到发展、从尚无立足之地到在大学站稳脚跟的重大转变。从这个角度而言,滕尼斯的人生史就是一部现代德国社会学的学科史。

Community has become a well-known classic concept,but its creator,Ferdinand Tönnies,does not seem to be well-known.This article takes“The Biography of Tönnies:Frisian and World Citizen”as an example,from the perspective of the integration of life history and disciplinary history,explores the deep connection between Tönnies and modern German sociology.Tönnies'entire life has deeply condensed and carried the crystallization of the institutionalization of German sociology,and promoted and realized the major transformation of sociology in Germany from birth to development,from no foothold to a firm foothold in the university.From this perspective,Tönnies'life history is a disciplinary history of modern German sociology.