腈类化合物的合成进展

Progress in the Synthesis of Nitriles

腈类化合物是重要的精细化工原料和合成中间体,不仅可以水解制备酸、还原成胺,还能发生许多其他的反应,被广泛用于制备医药、涂料、香料、液晶材料和缓蚀剂等。制备腈类化合物的方法众多,本文从氨氧化法、卤代烃氰化法、重氮盐法、醛肟脱水法、酰胺脱水法概述腈类化合物的合成进展,并讨论了这些方法的优缺点。

Nitriles are important fine chemical raw materials and synthetic intermediates.They can not only hydrolyze to produce acids and reduce to amines,but also produce many other reactions.They are widely used in the preparation of medicines,coatings,perfumes,liquid crystal materials and corrosion inhibitors.There are many methods for preparing nitriles.In this paper,the synthesis progress of nitriles from the ammoxidation method,halogenated hydrocarbon cyanidation method,diazonium salt method,aldoxime dehydration method,and amide dehydration method are summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed.