增加值视角下中国省域净碳转移权责分配

Responsibility allocation of China s provincial net carbon transfer from the perspective of value-added

碳排放核算及碳排放权地区分配,是提升应对气候变化基础能力和建设生态文明社会的关键。利用中国多区域投入产出数据和MRIO模型,从价值链渠道层面揭示了省域净碳转移方向及根源;基于国家价值链理论,对国内省域产品流出增加值进行分解,以省内增加值占比为分担因子,提出了中国省域净碳转移责任分担标准。研究发现:(1)2015年中国各省份生产侧和消费侧碳排放存在显著差异,中间产品和最终需求调出、调入隐含碳是省域碳转移的主要原因。(2)中国通过对外贸易存在净碳转移,国内经济发达省份通过国内贸易对欠发达省份存在净碳转移;西北、东部沿海区域分别是国内最大净碳转入、转出地区。(3)省域间国内净碳转移应由碳转入地和转出地共同承担,净碳转出省份应增加碳排放责任,而净碳转入省份应减少碳排放责任;省域碳转入责任分担由流出贸易隐含碳及省域流出贸易本地获益能力决定,而碳转出责任分担由流入贸易隐含碳及省域贸易来源地获益能力决定。该研究对制定地区差异化碳减排政策、完善考虑碳转移的省域碳排放核算方案及全国性碳排放权交易体系构建等具有一定政策启示。

Carbon emission accounting and regional allocation are the key to the improvement of the capacity for addressing climate change and ecological civilization construction.This study attempted to use China's multi-regional input-output data and multi-regional input-output model to reveal the routes and directions of provincial net carbon transfer from the perspective of value chain channels.The provincial product outflow value-added was first resolved on the basis of the theory of national value chain.Taking the proportion of local value-added as the responsibility sharing factor,this study then reallocated the responsibility sharing standard for China s provincial net carbon transfer.The results showed that:①There were significant differences in production-based and consumption-based carbon emission in various provinces of China in 2015,and inter-regional flow of intermediate and final demand product was the main cause of provincial carbon transfer.②Foreign countries transferred carbon to China through international trade,and domestic net carbon transfers occurred from the developed provinces to less developed provinces through inter-provincial trade.The northwest region was the largest net carbon exporter,while the eastern coast region was the largest net carbon importer.③Inter-provincial net carbon transfer should be shared by the provinces of carbon exporters and importers.The provinces of net carbon importers should increase their carbon responsibility,while the net carbon exporters should reduce their carbon responsibility.The responsibility sharing of provincial carbon exporters is determined by the scale of embodied carbon emissions in outflow trade and the local profitability of outflow trade,while the responsibility sharing of importers is determined by the scale of embodied carbon emissions in inflow trade and the profitability of trade inflow regions.This research has certain implications for the formulation of differentiated regional carbon reduction policies,the improvement of provincial carbon accounting scheme and the construction of national carbon trading system with the consideration of carbon transfer.