绿色产业政策与重污染行业高质量发展

Green industrial policies and high-quality development of heavy polluting industries

绿色产业政策是政府出于推动环境与产业协同发展的目标而实施的政策组合。绿色产业政策鼓励企业技术研发,强调以创新驱动的方式,实现行业的高质量发展,但是相关绿色产业政策实施效果的评价研究还非常有限。文章对14个地级市在1998—2013年所实施的纺织行业绿色产业政策进行了系统的评估。基于中国纺织行业27 827家企业在1998—2013年间86 988条企业运行、环境排放与专利申请等企业级数据,通过双重差分以及动态双重差分方法评价了相关政策的效果,研究发现绿色产业政策能够同时提升企业的环境与创新绩效,同时还影响了企业的创新方向;而且这些绿色产业政策对企业绩效的影响,会受到企业属性的调节作用:在相同的绿色产业政策冲击下,国有企业在环境绩效方面会显著优于非国有企业,但是国有企业的创新绩效与非国有企业之间没有显著差别。此外,多次双重差分方法下的政策评估显示,尽管绿色产业政策促进了当地产业的高质量发展,但是不同城市的绿色产业政策的实施效果存在差异。综上,基于本文的政策效果评价,研究认为地方性的绿色产业政策能有效促进当地产业转型升级,但是距离全面推动产业的高质量发展仍然存在着差距。因此,在未来还需要中央政府加强顶层设计与政策督导,深化重污染行业的绿色可持续转型。本研究为构建"绿色制造"的政策体系,提升中国环境治理体系与治理能力,提供了理论与实证的支撑。

Green industrial policies are a policy mix implemented by governments to promote the coordinated development of environment and industries.Enterprises are encouraged to achieve high-quality industrial development in an innovation driven way through green industrial policies.However,the research on the implementation evaluation of green industrial policies is very limited.This paper systematically evaluated green industrial policies of textile industry implemented in 14 Chinese cities from 1998 to 2013.Also,this study used multi-source data totaling 86988 pieces,based on enterprise operations,environmental emissions,patent applications and other enterprise-level databases in Chinese textile industry between 1998 to 2013.Through the difference-in-difference and dynamic difference-in-difference methods,this study found that green industrial policies could improve both environment and innovation performance of enterprises and had a corresponding impact on the innovation direction of enterprises.Moreover,these green industrial policies were affected by the moderating effect of enterprise attributes.Under the same green industrial policies,state-owned enterprises were significantly better than non-state-owned enterprises in environmental performance,but there was no significant difference in innovation performance.In addition,policy evaluations under multi difference-in-difference methods showed that different cities had different implementation effects of green industrial polices.In conclusion,based on the evaluation of policy implementation,this study demonstrated that local green industrial policies could effectively promote the upgrading of local industries,but there was still a gap in the promotion of high-quality industrial development.Therefore,the central government needed to strengthen the top-level design,policy supervision,and to promote the sustainable transformation of polluting industries in the future.This study provides a theoretical and empirical support for promoting the implementation of green manufacturing policies and improving the system and capacity of China’s environmental governance.