中国海洋牧场生态安全监管理论框架体系

Theoretical framework for the supervision of the ecological security of China’s marine ranching

海洋牧场是解决海洋渔业资源利用与生态环境保护之间矛盾的金钥匙,是促进海洋生态文明建设、实施"蓝色粮仓"战略、助力渔业新旧动能转换的重要举措。为了协调海洋生态功能修复与经济利益获取之间的矛盾、实现"渔业资源-生态环境-社会经济"的可持续发展,本文构建了中国海洋牧场生态安全监管的理论框架体系。首先结合系统自身安全和生态系统服务双重特征定义了海洋牧场生态安全的概念——海洋牧场生态安全是海洋牧场人工生态系统的资源结构和海域环境能够维持环境保护、资源养护和渔业持续产出功能的整体平衡状态。然后从监管主体(政府部门、牧场企业、周边居民)、客体(牧场海域环境、生物资源、生态系统)以及二者关系构建了中国海洋牧场生态安全的监管框架,在此基础上分别针对监测与评价机制、预警与决策机制、控制与保障机制逐一分析了海洋牧场生态安全监管的重点内容和解决思路。概括而言:监测与评价机制是底层机制,作用在于获取海洋牧场在资源结构、海域环境等方面的观测数据,并通过对其分析处理确定海洋牧场的生态安全状态;预警与决策机制是中层机制,作用在于通过对海洋牧场生态安全警情存在与否以及警情等级进行预判,制定并优选生态安全治理方案;控制与保障机制是高层机制,作用在于从资源配置和政策制定两个层面保证海洋牧场生态安全监管工作得以顺利运行。本文提出的中国海洋牧场生态安全监管理论框架体系,对指导现代化海洋牧场建设、践行"生态优先"原则、保障海洋牧场可持续发展具有重要的理论参考价值。

Marine ranching is the key to solving the contradiction between the utilization of marine fishery resources and the protection of ecological environment.It is an important measure to promote the construction of marine ecological civilization,implement the‘Blue Granary’strategy,and help fisheries replace their old growth drivers with new ones.To coordinate the restoration of marine ecological functions and the acquisition of economic benefits,and to realize the sustainable development of‘marine resources-ecological environment-social economy’,this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the supervision of the ecological security of China’s marine ranching.According to the dual characteristics of system security and ecosystem service,the concept of marine ranching ecological security(MRES)is defined as the overall balance of environmental protection,resource conservation and sustainable output function of fisheries achieved by a sound resource structure and a healthy marine environment in marine ranching artificial ecosystem.Then the supervision framework for MRES is constructed from the supervision subjects(government departments,marine ranching enterprises,and surrounding residents),supervision objects(marine environment,biological resources,and ecological system)and their relationships.The essential contents and solutions for MRES supervision are analyzed from three aspects of monitoring and evaluation mechanism,early warning and decision-making mechanism,and control and guarantee mechanism.In summary,the monitoring and evaluation mechanism as an underlying mechanism is used to obtain the observed data of marine ranching in resource structure and marine environment,and to determine the state of MRES.The early-warning and decision-making mechanism as a middle-level mechanism is used to develop and optimize the ecological security management plan through the prediction of warning situations and of warning levels of MRES.The control and safeguard mechanism as a high-level mechanism is used to ensure the smooth progress of MRES supervision from the aspects of resource coordination and policy formulation.The theoretical framework for MRES supervision has essential reference values for guiding the construction of modern marine ranching,applying the principle of‘ecological priority’and ensuring the sustainable utilization of marine ranching.