我国台湾地区金融消费者保护:历程、经验与省思

Financial Consumer Protection in Taiwan of China:History,Experience and Reflections

证券投资者向金融消费者的身份嬗变,乃是一件正在发生的事情。我国台湾地区体认金融业的这一发展趋势,2002年制定"投保规定"成立"投保中心",以集体诉讼、代表诉讼、解任诉讼和小额争议拟制调处机制便利证券投资人纠纷解决,并以专业法庭、投资者保护基金保障争议裁判结果履行。2008年金融危机后又制定"金保规定"、成立"金评中心",在金融服务合同缔结前课予金融机构善良管理人注意义务、信息披露与风险提示义务,建立金融消费者适当性原则、金融产品风险稽核、产品推介道德风险防控制度,在纠纷产生后以专门的评议制度、举证责任倒置和惩罚性赔偿制度,周延保护金融消费者。中国大陆应强化信息披露、严格金融机构法律责任,以构建实质平等的金融消费环境;以独立、专门的金融消费纠纷裁判机制和先行赔付制度保障金融消费者权利实现。

The transformation of the identity of securities investors into financial consumers is an ongoing event.Recognizing this development trend in the financial industry,Taiwan enacted the"Insurance Act"and established an"Insurance Center"in 2002 to facilitate the resolution of disputes among securities investors through class actions,representative actions,termination actions and proposed mediation mechanisms for small disputes.In addition,professional courts and investor protection funds are used to guarantee the implementation of disputed judgments.After the financial crisis in 2008,the"Financial Insurance Law"was enacted and the"Financial Appraisal Center"was established to teach financial institutions about the duty of care,information disclosure and risk management before the conclusion of financial service contracts.It should also establish the principle of appropriateness for financial consumers,financial product risk audits,moral hazard prevention and control systems for product promotion.Besides,after the disputes arise,it should provide comprehensive protection for financial consumers through a special evaluation system,a reversal of the burden of proof and a punitive compensation system.The Mainland should strengthen information disclosure and be strict with legal liability of financial institutions in order to build a substantially equal financial consumer environment,and guarantee the realization of the rights of financial consumers by means of an independent and specialized adjudication mechanism for financial consumer disputes and an early payment system.