猪对钙的代谢与消化研究进展

Progress in the study of calcium metabolism and digestion in pigs

钙和磷是机体具有重要生理功能的矿物质,在配制猪饲料时,必须考虑适当的钙磷比,以充分吸收和利用这两种矿物质。小肠是钙主要的吸收部位,但结肠也可以吸收一部分钙,但需要更多的研究来验证肠道不同部位对钙吸收的程度。植物成分中的大部分磷通常与植酸结合,因此,由于猪体内缺乏植酸酶,对植物磷的消化率较低,在猪饲料中通常会添加植酸酶以提高磷的消化率。但高含量的钙会降低植酸酶的功效。钙、磷与植酸形成的不溶性复合物不仅会影响饲料中植酸酶的作用,还会影响钙、磷消化率。因此,在探讨钙消化率时要考虑钙、磷、植酸和植酸酶的相互作用。虽然钙和磷这两种矿物质都很重要,但在对猪磷消化率的研究远远多于对钙消化率的研究。因此,本综述重点对钙消化率进行研究。

Calcium and phosphorus are minerals with important physiological functions in the body.Appropriate ratios of calcium and phosphorus must be considered in the formulation of pig feed to fully absorb and utilize these two minerals.The small intestine is the main site of calcium absorption,but the colon can also absorb some calcium,but more research is needed to verify the extent of calcium absorption in different parts of the intestine.Most of the phosphorus in plant components is usually bound to phytic acid,and therefore,due to the lack of phytase secretion in pigs,the digestibility of phosphorus in plant components is low,and phytase is often added to pig feed to increase the digestibility of phosphorus.However,high calcium levels reduce phytase efficiency.The insoluble complex formed by calcium,phosphorus and phytic acid not only affects the function of phytase in the feed,but also affects the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus.Therefore,the interaction of calcium,phosphorus,phytic acid and phytase should be considered in the study of calcium digestibility.Although both calcium and phosphorus are important minerals,phosphorus digestibility has been studied in pigs far more than calcium digestibility.Therefore,this review focuses on aspects that have a significant impact on calcium digestibility.