硒蛋白生理功能研究综述

Review of Physiological Function of Selenoprotein

硒是一种必需微量元素,广泛存在于生物体内。硒蛋白是硒在生物体内实现生理功能的主要载体,是一类含硒代半胱氨酸的蛋白质。硒代半胱氨酸主要位于氧化还原催化位点,具有更高的氧化还原电位。在动、植物体内,硒蛋白主要以氧化还原酶的形式存在,具有调节细胞氧化应激、免疫功能、内质网应激和炎症反应等生物功能特性,对克山病、癌症、阿尔兹海默症等多种疾病具有治疗和预防作用。本文综述硒蛋白的代谢途径、硒蛋白的合成机制及其生理功能特性,以期为硒蛋白研究提供参考。

Selenium as an essential trace element is widely found in living organisms.Selenoprotein is the main carrier of the physiological function of selenium in organism.Selenoprotein is a type of protein containing selenocysteine located at the redox catalytic site.Therefore,it has a higher redox potential,and selenoprotein is also mainly used as oxidase in plants and animals.It has the characteristics of maintaining cellular regulatory oxidative stress,immune function,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and inflammatory response,and has therapeutic and preventive effects on many diseases such as Keshan disease,cancer,and Alzheimer's disease.In this paper,the metabolic pathways of selenium protein,the synthesis mechanism of selenium protein and its physiological function characteristics are reviewed in order to provide reference for the study of selenium protein.