金属材料综合性实验——碳含量的测定

Comprehensive Experiment of Metal Materials--Determination of Carbon Content

文章综合概括了我院金属材料综合性实验——碳含量的测定的实施方案以及金相分析法、火花法、最高硬度法和光电法等测量钢中碳含量的实验原理和特点,然后实践了利用金相分析法、火花法和最高硬度法分析鉴别相互混淆的20钢、45钢、T12钢、T8钢和铸铁等材料。学生实验实践证明金相法操作最为简单,是一种最为可靠的金相分析法,由于组织图片直观清晰,鉴别测定结果较为准确,可用于未知碳含量情况下的碳量测定。火花法无法准确测定材料的碳含量,但可用于相互混淆材料之间的鉴别;除此之外,火花法具有一定的危险性,需要一定的经验。最高硬度法可以较快测出C%<0.60%的碳钢中的含碳量和鉴别相互混淆的黑色金属材料,不适合碳含量较高的材料成分鉴别。

This paper summarizes the comprehensive experiment of our college--the experimental operation scheme of carbon content determination in ferrous materials,as well as the experimental principles and characteristics of metallographic analysis,spark method,maximum hardness method and photoelectric method for measuring carbon content in steel.Then,we practice the use of metallographic analysis,spark method and maximum hardness method to analyze and identify materials such as 20 steel,45 steel,T12 steel,T8 steel and cast iron.Students'experimental practice has proved that the metallographic method is the simplest and the most reliable metallographic analysis method.Because the organization picture is intuitive and clear,and the identification and determination results are more accurate,this method can be used for the determination of carbon content in the case of unknown carbon content.The spark method can not accurately determine the carbon content of materials,but can be used to identify the confused materials;in addition,the spark method has certain risks and requires certain experience.The highest hardness method can quickly measure the carbon content in carbon steel with C%<0.60%and identify the confused ferrous materials,which is not suitable for the identification of materials with high carbon content.