我国省域创业成本比较及其时空分异分析

Comparison and Research on Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Provincial Entrepreneurship Costs in China

在影响创业环境的因素中,创业成本是最为关键的因素之一,创业成本高低已成为各地政府推动创新、集聚创新人才和吸引创业投资的一个重要指标。通过构建指标体系,将创业成本划分为显性成本和隐性成本,其中显性成本指生活成本、人力成本和商务成本;隐性成本则从政治、经济、社会和技术等方面衡量。借鉴经济地理法和空间计量学的相关概念分别描述我国31个省域在2013—2018年针对科创企业的创业成本时空分异特征。研究表明:近年来我国各省的创业成本整体分布情况变动较小,空间格局存在明显的分异特征,显性成本呈现“东部高—西部低”的态势,隐性成本则呈现“东部低—西部高”的局面;由于我国创业成本存在一定的空间相关性,因此我国各省间的信息传递,创新创业资源的合理分配和共享还有待加强。

Among the factors that affect the entrepreneurial environment,the cost of entrepreneurship is one of the most critical factors.The cost of entrepreneurship has become an important indicator for local governments to promote innovation,gather innovative talents and attract venture capital.This article divides entrepreneurial costs into explicit costs and hidden costs by constructing an index system,where explicit costs refer to living costs,human costs,and business costs;hidden costs are measured from political,economic,social,and technical aspects.Furthermore,it draws on the concepts of economic geography and spatial metrology to describe the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of the start-up costs of 31 scientific and technological enterprises in China from 2013 to 2018.The research shows that in recent years,the overall distribution of entrepreneurial costs in China's provinces has changed little,and the spatial pattern has obvious differentiation characteristics.The explicit cost is“high in the east and low in the west”and the hidden cost is low in the east and high in the west.Because there is a certain spatial correlation in the cost of entrepreneurship in China,the transfer of information between provinces in China and the rational allocation and sharing of innovation and entrepreneurship resources need to be strengthened.