西方国家引信触发性能及其试验用靶材分析

Analysis of Impact Performance and its Test Target Materials of Fuze in Western Countries

为了给我国引信触发性能论证、分析、设计、试验和进一步研究提供参考,根据欧美现役产品手册披露的信息,详细分析了西方国家引信触发灵敏度、钝感度、防雨、大着角发火性、擦地作用正确性、触发作用时间(瞬发度或延期时间)性能。碰击式弹头机械触发引信和机电触发引信瞬发度分别可达25μs和20μs,而弹底惯性机械触发引信瞬发度可达300μs。迫击炮弹和航空火箭弹弹头触发引信防雨问题不突出,灵敏度最高;小口径火炮弹头引信防雨问题最为突出。绝大多数对地攻击引信均以立靶射击方法而不是用对地射击的方法考核触发性能,立靶材质有胶合板、木板、铝合金板和钢板。在材质相同的情况下,触发灵敏度靶板厚度约是钝感度靶板厚度的4~8倍。M739系列引信着速对触发灵敏度影响非常显著,而其横栅式防雨机构对瞬发度影响不明显。美国轻武器、小口径火炮以及航空火箭等低伸弹道引信的大着角发火性已达到80°着角,而擦地炸达到了5°落角可靠发火的水平。

In order to provide reference for the demonstration,analysis,design,test and further research of the impact firing performance of fuzes in China,the impact sensitivity,impact insensitivity,rainproof performance,initiation at high impact angle,graze sensitivity,functioning time i.e.instantaneity or delay performance of the fuzes in the western countries are analyzed in detail based on the data disclosed in the European and American active fuze catalogs.According to the analysis,the instantaneity of mechanical point-detonating fuzes and electromechanical contact fuzes can reach 25μs and 20μs respectively,while that of the inertial impact base fuzes can reach 300μs.The point-detonating fuzes of mortar bomb and aircraft rocket are not severely affected by the rain,and have the highest impact sensitivity.The point-detonating fuzes of small-caliber projectiles are more prone to be affected by the rain.The impact performance of most of the ground attack fuzes is evaluated with the target-shooting method instead of the ground-shooting method.The materials of the target include plywood,wood screen,aluminum alloy plate and steel plate.When using the same material,the thickness of the impact sensitivity target is about 4-8 times the thickness of the insensitivity target.The impact velocity has very significant influence on the impact sensitivity of the M739 series fuzes,and its cross-bar rainproof device has no obvious influence on the instantaneity.The fuzes of American small arms,small-caliber projectile,and aircraft rockets whose trajectories are flat,which function at an impact angle of 80°,and graze at a falling angle of 5°.