典型单组元液体推进剂爆炸特性及爆炸冲击波传播规律

Explosion Characteristics and Shock Wave Propagation of Typical Liquid Monopropellants

为研究目前火箭发动机中广泛使用的两种典型单组元液体推进剂的爆炸危险性,开展单推-3(DT-3)及无水肼爆炸效应的实验研究和理论分析。实验在获取DT-3及无水肼冲击波感度数据的基础上设计了样品的起爆方式,并在到爆心不同距离的点上测量了冲击波压力曲线,分别得到5 L、10 L推进剂样品在不同位置处的峰值压力和衰减规律。结合单组元液体推进剂自身特点和量纲分析法对其爆炸冲击波的传播规律进行初步探讨,并对5 L和10 L小药量的DT-3和无水肼开展爆炸冲击波当量评估研究。结果表明:在二次抛洒爆炸条件下,单组元液体推进剂的爆炸冲击波超压在传播过程中出现明显的双峰结构;以冲击波梯恩梯(TNT)当量作为爆炸效应威力的评估指标时,随着距离的增大,两种液体推进剂样品的超压TNT当量单调减小;冲击波超压在近区并不严格符合爆炸相似律,在评估其爆炸冲击波当量时需引入等效反应质量等概念进行修正。

The explosion effects of DT-3 and anhydrous hydrazine are studied experimentally and analyzed theoretically for the explosion hazards of two typical liquid monopropellants used in liquid rocket engines.Based on shock sensitivities of DT-3 and anhydrous hydrazine propellant 3,a detonation mode was designed,and the shock wave pressures at different distances from detonation center were measured.Peak pressures and attenuation laws of 5 L and 10 L propellant samples at different locations were obtained respectively.Based on experimental data and characteristics of liquid monopropellant,the propagation laws and TNT equivalents of explosive shock waves of two propellant samples were studied.The results show that the explosive shock waves of two kinds of propellants present prominently double-peak values during the propagation process under the condition of secondary spraying explosion,and their TNT equivalents decrease monotonously with the increase in distance.The propagation laws of explosion shock waves of these two classic liquid monopropellants are inconsistent with the explosion similarity law within the vicinity of the detonation center.To calculate the TNT equivalents more precisely,the conception of equivalent mass is recommended to amend the method.