智能汽车致损的法律责任研究

Research on the Legal Liability for Damages Caused by Intelligent Vehicles

智能汽车的核心特质是技术自主性,其飞速发展和快速应用给现有法律责任体系带来了严峻的挑战。智能汽车作为初级的弱人工智能产物,不宜赋予其法律人格,类比特殊侵权亦不足取。应迈向保有人责任即产品责任的二元责任体系:将机动车一方解释为“保有”人,构建智能汽车保有人责任体系。同时对产品责任进行相应的调整,由制造商和设计者共同担责,确立“熟练驾驶人”标准,适用因果关系推定,限缩发展风险抗辩的适用。

The core characteristic of intelligent vehicle is technology autonomy.Its rapid development and rapid application bring severe challenges to the existing legal liability system.As the product of primary weak artificial intelligence,intelligent vehiclesshould not be endowed with legal personality,and theanalogy of special infringement is not sufficient.It is necessary to move towards the dual liability system of holder’s liability-product liability:redefine the person who owns the vehicle as the“holder”,and the system of intelligent vehiclesholder’s liability should be constructed.At the same time,the product liability shall be adjusted accordingly,and the responsibility shall be Shared by the manufacturer and designer,the standard of“skilled driver”shall be established,the presumption of causality shall be applied,and the application of defense of development risk shall be reduced.