论“合理期待原则”在保险法中的适用——以司法裁判为视角

On the Application of“Reasonable Expectation Principle”in Insurance Law from the Perspective of Judicial Judgment

“合理期待原则”建立在保险合同附合性基础上,但与疑义不利解释、格式条款的说明义务、免责无效制度等格式条款传统规制规则不同,其是在总结、反思上述规则的基础上,产生的一种独立的保险合同规则。适用“合理期待原则”并不是简单地满足投保人的主观期待,而是在探究可能导致投保人与保险人利益失衡的各种客观因素的基础上,为平衡保险各方权利义务而做出的必要司法调整和干预。“合理期待原则”的适用会导致一定程度上的缔约自由萎缩,为了保持司法的谦抑性,有必要明确“合理期待原则”的客观适用标准和具体适用程序,以实现公平和效率的统一,并为我国最终引入该规则提供有益的借鉴。

“The principle of reasonable expectation”is based on the adherence of insurance contract,but it is different from the traditional regulation rules of standard terms,such as negative interpretation of doubt,explanation obligation of standard terms and invalid exemption system.It is an independent insurance contract rule based on summarizing and reflecting on the above rules.The application of“reasonable expectation principle”is not simply to satisfy the subjective expectation of the insured,but a necessary judicial adjustment and intervention to balance the rights and obligations of all parties in the insurance on the basis of exploring various objective factors that may lead to the imbalance of interests between the insured and the insurer.The application of“reasonable expectation principle”will lead to a certain degree of contracting freedom atrophy.In order to maintain the judicial modesty,it is necessary to clarify the objective application standard and specific application procedure of“reasonable expectation principle”,so as to realize the unification of fairness and efficiency,and provide beneficial reference for China to finally introduce the rule.