交通基础设施建设能减缓城镇贫困吗?

Can Transportation Infrastructure Construction Alleviate Urban Poverty?

以西部民族地区为研究样本,对交通基础设施的城镇减贫效应及其传导机制进行系统分析。研究发现:西部民族地区公路、铁路交通运营里程及其运营密度的提升将显著降低城镇绝对贫困与相对贫困状况。分类型看,相比铁路交通,公路交通基础设施带来的城镇减贫效应更为显著;相比交通运营里程,交通运营密度提升引致的减贫效应更值得关注。进一步的机制分析表明,现阶段西部民族地区交通基础设施建设主要通过促进人口流动来推进城镇减贫,而其商品流动促进机制很可能会恶化地区的城镇贫困状况。为此,更好地发挥交通基础设施的城镇减贫效应需要结合西部民族地区发展实际,着力推进交通基础设施的外通内联与成网建设,优先发展与城镇贫困人口流动密切相关的公路交通基础设施,提升普通民众的交通可获得性。

Poverty eradication is a common goal of human society and a worldwide problem.At present,China has entered the decisive stage of poverty alleviation and the key period of urban-rural linkage poverty alleviation,so it is of great academic value and practical significance to study urban poverty reduction.Taking 8 provinces and regions in the west of China as research samples,this paper makes a systematic analysis of the urban poverty reduction effect of transportation infrastructure and its transmission mechanism.It is found that the improvement of road and railway mileage and its density in western ethnic areas will significantly reduce the absolute poverty and relative poverty of towns.Compared with railway traffic,the urban poverty reduction effect brought by road traffic infrastructure construction is more significant,and compared with transportation mileage,the poverty reduction effect of transportation density improvement is more worthy of attention.Further mechanism analysis shows that at this stage,transportation infrastructure construction in the western minority areas mainly promotes urban poverty reduction through the mechanism of promoting population flow,and the promotion mechanism of commodity flow is likely to worsen the urban poverty in the areas.In order to give full play to the urban poverty reduction effect of transportation infrastructure construction,it is necessary to focus on promoting the internal and external connection and network construction of transportation infrastructure,give priority to the development of road transportation services closely related to the flow of urban poor people,continuously enhance market access,and improve the transportation accessibility of ordinary people.