黄河中游地区生态恢复对流域水资源的影响

Impacts of Ecological Restoration on Water Resources in Middle Reaches of Yellow River

[目的]研究黄河中游地区生态恢复对水资源的影响,为流域生态保护和高质量发展提供科学依据。[方法]利用GIMMS NDVI、ET、土壤水分、地表径流等相关水文数据,基于趋势分析和双累积曲线等方法,探讨生态恢复前后黄河中游地区蒸散发、土壤水分、地表径流的时空变化特征。[结果] 1982—2018年,黄河中游地区植被覆盖度增加了29.72%;在黄河中游地区植被覆盖度增加1%,蒸散发量增加了3~4 mm;在生态恢复区土壤水分呈下降趋势,下降速率为0.001 3%/a;各站点的平均径流量在1961—2018年呈逐年下降趋势,以生态恢复为代表的人类活动对径流量下降起到重要作用。[结论]由于生态恢复和暖干化的气候背景,黄河中游水资源严重短缺。建议后续黄河中游生态恢复综合考虑水资源,减少人为干扰,以自然植被恢复为主。

[Objective] The impacts of ecological restoration in the middle reaches of Yellow River on water resources were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the eco-environment protection and high-quality development of the basin. [Methods] Based on the GIMMS NDVI, ET, soil moisture, surface runoff and other hydrology data, the study used trend analysis and double cumulative curve methods to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the evapotranspiration, soil water and surface runoff in the middle reaches of Yellow River, before and after ecological restoration. [Results] From 1982 to 2018, the fractional vegetation cover of the middle reaches of Yellow River increased by 29.72%. As the fractional vegetation cover increased by 1%, the evapotranspiration increased by 3~4 mm. In the ecological restoration area, the decline rate of soil moisture was 0.001 3% per year. The average runoff was decreasing from 1961 to 2018, and human activities represented by ecological restoration played an important role in the decline of runoff. [Conclusion] Due to the climate warming and drying and ecological restoration, there is a serious shortage of water resources in the middle reaches of Yellow River. People should consider water resources comprehensively, reduce human interference, and focus on natural vegetation restoration in the follow-up ecological restoration.