浙江省生态安全格局时空演变特征及其影响因素

Spatial-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Ecological Security Pattern in Zhejiang Province

[目的]研究浙江省生态安全格局时空演变特征及影响因素,为该省生态安全建设提供科学参考,以保障长江经济带经济、社会、生态的全局发展。[方法]以2009-2018年浙江省各市经济、社会、环境资料和"压力-状态-响应(PSR)"生态安全评价指标体系为基础,采用熵值法从时间维度和空间维度对浙江省2009-2018年生态安全格局时空演变特征进行了分析,并结合PSR分项指数和因子分析法提取关键因素,揭示关键因素对生态安全的影响。[结果]①2009-2018年浙江省生态安全综合指数呈小幅波动状态;②从空间来看,浙江省各市生态安全指数已经达到了预警状态,呈现由"南高北低"向"北高南低"转变的空间格局;③从时间节点来看,浙江省生态安全状况最好的年份为2016年(0.123),最差的年份为2011年(0.077),分别处于较安全状态和临界安全状态;④城镇化、经济发展、社会发展、工业发展和资源条件是影响浙江生态安全格局的重要因素。[结论]国家和区域的规划与政策对浙江省生态安全指数具有显著影响,为了全面保障浙江省生态安全健康发展,需要不断加大生态安全建设的投入,持续推进"五水共治",促进制造业智能化,绿色化,在古村落、特色小镇等培育一批生态文明典型示范点,改善生态环境质量。

[Objective]The ecological security pattern and its influencing factors were studied in order to provide basis and reference for the construction of ecological security in Zhejiang Province,and ensure the overall economic,social and ecological development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone.[Methods]Based on the economic,social and environmental data and the"pressure-state-response(PSR)""ecological safety evaluation index system,the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of ecological security pattern in Zhejiang Province from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed by entropy method.The key factors that revealing the impact of key factors on ecological security were extracted by combining the PSR sub-index and factor analysis method.[Results]①From 2009 to 2018,the comprehensive eco-security index(ESI)of Zhejiang Province fluctuated slightly.②From the perspective of space,the ESI of Zhejiang Province has reached the early warning state,showing a spatial pattern of changing from"high in the south and low in the north"to"High in the north and low in the south".③From the perspective of time nodes,the best year for ecological security of Zhejiang Province was 2016(0.123),while the worst year was 2011(0.077),which were in a relatively safe state and a critical security state respectively.④Urbanization,economic development,social development,industrial development and resource condition were the important factors affecting the ecological security pattern in Zhejiang Province.[Conclusion]National and regional planning and policies impact the ecological safety index of Zhejiang Province significantly.In order to fully guarantee the ecological safety and healthy development of Zhejiang Province,it is necessary to continuously increase investment in ecological safety construction,promote the co-administration of five kinds of water,promote intelligent and green manufacturing industry,cultivate a number of typical demonstration sites of ecological civilization in ancient villages and characteristic towns,and improve the ecological environment quality.