吉林省1990-2018年土地利用空间分布及其变化

Characteristics of Distribution and Variation of Land Use in Jilin Province During 1990-2018

[目的]对吉林省土地利用空间分异变化特征及其驱动因素进行分析,为省域土地利用的可持续发展及其生态环境建设提供科学依据。[方法]以吉林省1990年和2018年两期土地利用数据为基础,计算土地利用的区位指数、多样化指数、信息熵与均衡度,结合莫兰指数进行空间自相关的探索,综合分析吉林省土地利用空间分异特征。[结果]①吉林省1990-2018年土地利用保持以林地和耕地双优势为主的特征;西部和中部耕地双优势相对增加,西部林草用地双优势增强、水域双优势消失,中部长春市区呈现耕地双优势的发展趋势。②土地利用多样化指数、信息熵与均衡度指数保持西高东低的特征,除长春主城区提高外,其他地区均呈现总体下降的态势。多样化指数及信息熵均呈正的全局自相关,二者的高-高聚集区在吉林省西部地区,聚集面积均有所收缩;低-低的聚集区在东部地区,两期数据相比略有波动,总体基本稳定。③自然环境因素(气温、降水)对土地利用空间分异的影响相对显著。[结论]吉林省的土地利用变化有着明显的空间分异特征,自然环境因素社会经济因素是其主要驱动因素。

[Objective]The characteristics and driving factors of spatial variation of land use in Jilin Province were analyzed in order to provide scientific basis for sustainable development of land use and ecological environment construction.[Methods]Based on the land use data of Jilin Province in 1990 and 2018,the location index,diversification index,information entropy and equilibrium degree of land use were calculated.Combined with Moran index,the spatial auto-correlation was explored to analyze the land use spatial differentiation characteristics in Jilin Province.[Results]①From 1990 to 2018,the characteristics of land use in Jilin Province generally maintained a double dominance of forest and cultivated land,the double dominance of cultivated land in the west and the central part were relatively increased,the double dominance of water area were disappeared,and the double dominance of cultivated land in Changchun City in the central part was developed.②The land use diversification index,information entropy and equilibrium index of Jilin Province kept high in the west and low in the east,but those three indexes showed an overall trend of decline in other areas,except for the main urban area of Changchun City.Both the diversity index and the information entropy had positive global auto-correlation.The high-high pattern aggregation area was in the western region of Jilin Province,and the aggregation area was shrinking.The aggregation area of low-low pattern was generally stable.③Natural environmental factors(temperature,precipitation)had a relatively significant impact on the spatial differentiation of land use.[Conclusion]The land use change in Jilin Province has obvious spatial differentiation characteristics,and natural environmental and social and economic factors are the main driving factors.