菊花‘绿叮当’与毛华菊杂交后代花部性状杂种优势与混合遗传分析

Heterosis and Mixed Inheritance Analysis of Flower Head Traits in the Progeny of the Cross Between Chrysanthemum×morifolium’Lüdingdang’and Chrysanthemum vestitum

菊花绿色品种相对稀少,育种难度较大,遗传机制报道较少。以舌状花绿色、平瓣的栽培菊(Chrysanthemum×morifolium)‘绿叮当’为母本,与舌状花白色、平瓣的野生种毛华菊(C.vestitum)进行杂交,将其秋季开花的453株后代作为遗传群体,选取舌状花的色相角h值和色相a*值、舌状花瓣数和花序直径这4个性状进行杂种优势分析和主基因+多基因混合遗传分析。结果表明:(1)这些性状呈连续变化,有极显著的中亲杂种优势,舌状花的色相角和花序直径有极显著的超亲优势;(2)色相角h值、色相a*值和舌状花瓣数均由两对加性—显性—上位性主基因控制,其主基因遗传率分别为38.74%、90.34%和76.20%;花序直径由一对加性—显性主基因控制,其主基因遗传率为41.20%。此外,杂交后代舌状花大多为平瓣,与双亲一致,少量个体出现管瓣与匙瓣。舌状花的色相角h值、舌状花瓣数及花序直径都分别与舌状花色相a*值显著相关。由此可见,在这个绿色菊花品种与野生近缘种杂交的拟测交F2代群体中,舌状花的色相a*值主基因遗传率高,并与其他花部性状显著相关。

There are relatively few green chrysanthemum varieties and limited studies on breeding and genetic mechanisms.In this study 453 progeny of the cross between Chrysanthemum×morifolium‘Lüdingdang’(female,flat type and green)and C.vestitum(male,flat type and white)were used to investigate the heterosis and mixed major genes plus polygenes inheritance models for h value,a*value,the number of the ray florets,and flower head diameter.The results are as follows,(1)continuous variations were observed in these traits.Among these traits,all of them had very significant mid-parent heterosis,and h value and flower head diameter had very significant super-parent heterosis.(2)The h and a*values and number of ray florets in the above 453 progeny(a pseudo-testcross F2)were found to be controlled by two additive-dominant-epistatic major genes,with the heritabilities of 38.74%,90.34%,and 76.20%,respectively,while the diameter of flower head was found to be controlled by one additive-dominant major gene,with the heritability of 41.20%.In addition,most progeny have flat petals,which are consistent with their parents,although a few progeny individuals have tube petals and spoon petals.The above a*value was found to be significantly correlated with the h value,the number of ray florets,and the flower head diameter.The above findings show the high heritability of the above a*value.