鄱阳湖河湖交错区鱼类重金属含量特征及健康风险评估

Heavy metal levels in fish and their human health risk in the river⁃lake ecosystems of the Poyang Lake

河湖交错区是流域重金属污染物进入湖泊的主要通道,也是重金属富集的主要场所.本文通过在鄱阳湖河湖交错区采集10种114尾大型经济鱼类,从组织、体长体重、食性、栖息水层、区域等多个方面分析鱼类重金属Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量特征及差异,识别影响鄱阳湖鱼类重金属含量水平的关键因素,评估居民摄取鱼类重金属的潜在健康风险.结果表明,鄱阳湖不同鱼类体内Zn的含量最高,而Cd和Pb的含量最低,鱼鳃是Mn和Ni的主要富集组织,肝脏是Cu和Cd的主要富集组织;体长体重与肌肉中Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn、Cd和Pb含量表现为显著的负相关关系;杂食性鱼类肌肉中Cu、Zn和Cd的含量最高,而Co在草食性鱼类肌肉中的含量最高;鱼类不同生活水层对肌肉中Cr、Mn、Zn和Co含量的影响较为显著;除Cd外,不同区域对鱼类重金属含量的影响并不显著.利用RDA排序分析结果显示,体长和食性是影响鄱阳湖鱼类重金属含量水平的关键因素.健康风险评估结果表明,不论是成人还是儿童,复合目标危险系数(TTHQ)均小于1,表明鄱阳湖鱼类重金属的富集不会对人群食用产生潜在危害.研究结果可为鄱阳湖水生态安全、水生生物多样性保护及食品安全评估提供科学依据和理论支撑.

The river⁃lake ecosystem is the one of main route for heavy metal transferring into lake,and also the main sedimentary pool of heavy metals.This study collected 10 species and 144 fishes from five river⁃lake ecosystems in the Poyang Lake,and analyzed the concentration differences of Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,and Cd in fish based on organs,weight and length,feeding habits,living layers,and sampling areas,and determined the key influencing factors of heavy metal accumulations in fish,and evaluated the potential human health risk via ingesting fishes.The result indicated that the concentration of Zn in fish was highest,while concentrations of Cd and Pb were lowest.Gill was the main enriched organs for Mn and Ni,and liver for Cu and Cd.The concentrations of Cr,Mn,Ni,Zn,Cd,and Pb were significantly negative correlation with length and weight.The concentrations of Cu,Zn,and Cd in muscles of the omnivorous fish had highest levels,while Co had highest level in muscle of the herbivorous fishes.The living layers had significant effects on the Cr,Mn,Zn,and Co levels in muscles.The sampling areas had no significant effects on levels of heavy metal in muscles of fish except Cd.The result from RDA sequence analyses indicated the length and feeding habit were the key factors for influencing the levels of heavy metal accumulations in fish from the Poyang Lake.The human health risk assessment showed that the total target hazard(TTHQ)was lower than one regardless of the adult or children,which indicated a situation of no potential health risk for consumption of these fish species from the Poyang Lake.The result provides the scientific basis and theoretical foundation for regional water ecosystem security,biodiversity conservation and food safety assessment.