社交活动对中国新一代老年人口消费的影响——基于CHARLS 2018的实证研究

The Impact of Social Activities on Consumption of Chinese New Generation Elderly——Empirical Research Based on CHARLS 2018

近年来中国老年人口数量快速增长,给社会发展带来了一定程度的养老负担和经济压力。然而,老年群体的发展并不是静止的。随着微信、支付宝等社交媒体和移动支付方式的迅猛发展,老年群体的社交形式和消费习惯受到了潜移默化的影响,新一代老年人口消费的潜力巨大,前景广阔。本文基于中国健康与养老追踪调查最新数据构建“社交活跃度”指数,利用普通最小二乘估计和工具变量两阶段回归模型分析社交活动对中国新一代老年人口消费的影响。实证结果表明社交活动确实会对中国新一代老年人口消费产生显著影响,学历程度较高、经济状况较好及较高的社交活跃度会对新一代老年人口消费产生积极正向影响。老年人积极参与社交活动能够显著促进其衣着、食品、日常居住杂费、文娱出行(旅游)以及医疗保健等方面的消费。参与多项社交活动且参与频率高对中国老年人口消费水平的提升作用尤其明显。因此,一方面老年人应积极主动参与丰富多彩的社交活动,尤其应注重学习和构建与互联网使用相关的线上社交模式;另一方面国家和社会应继续完善老龄化制度与政策,尤其应该对老年网络消费、老年旅游出行等较新较热行业加大支持和引导力度,为挖掘老年消费潜力提供成熟而完备的保障体系。

The rapid growth of Chinese elderly population in recent years has brought the pension burden and economic pressure to social development.However,the development of the elderly group is not static.With the rapid development of social media and mobile payment methods such as WeChat and Ali-pay,the social form and consumption habits of the elderly have been imperceptibly affected.The consumption of the Chinese new generation elderly people has great potential and broad prospects.Based on the latest data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey,this paper constructs the“social activity”index,and an⁃alyzes the impact of social activities on the consumption of Chinese new generation of elderly population in China by OLS regression and iv-register two-stage regression model.The empirical results show that social activities do have a significant impact on the consumption of the new generation of elderly people in China.Higher education,better economic situation and higher social activity will have a positive impact on the new generation of elderly people’s consumption.Active participation in social activities can significantly pro⁃mote the consumption of clothing,food,daily living and entertainment cultural travelling(Tourism),but has no significant impact on the consumption of health care.The participation in a number of social activi⁃ties and high frequency of participation has a significant effect on the consumption level of the elderly.Therefore,on the one hand,the elderly should actively participate in rich and colorful social activities,espe⁃cially pay attention to learning and constructing online social mode;on the other hand,the state and society should continue to improve the aging system and policies,especially pay attention to increasing support and guidance for the elderly online consumption,elderly travel and other relatively hot industries,so as to pro⁃vide a mature and complete security system for digging the elderly consumption potential deeply.