社会资本对农村老年人生活满意度的影响

The Influence of Social Capital Factors on Life Satisfaction among Chinese Rural Older Adults

近年来中国人口老龄化的发展速度不断加快,老年人口在总人口中所占的比例越来越大。随着年龄的增长,老年人的身体健康状况日渐衰弱,养老成本不断增加,不但给老年人家庭带来了压力,也给国家财政造成了很大的负担。尤其在中国农村地区,经济社会发展相对落后,养老保障体系构建还不完善,大量农村年轻劳动力人口外迁使得传统的家庭养老面临挑战。改善农村老年人的社区社会资本状况,使用社会养老支持资源代替家庭养老支持资源是降低老年人养老的财政负担,缓解子女照护负担的一个有效途径。本文使用中国人民大学人口与社会学院和吉林大学东北亚研究院人口所合作开展的“社会资本与老年生活质量(SCALS)”调查数据,通过分层回归方法检验农村老年人口生活满意度与社会资本之间的关系。模型结果显示家庭社会资本对老年人生活满意度影响最为显著,在没有家庭社会资本影响时,认知社会资本、特殊社会信任和普遍社会信任均对老年人生活满意度具有显著影响。因此,社区和社会组织应充分发挥作用,提高构建社区社会资本的效率,更好地促进老年人的精神健康发展。

The speed of population aging in China is ahead of the speed of social and economic develop⁃ment,which facing the problem of“being rich with being older”.At the same time,the physical health of the elderly is getting weaker with the increase of age,and the cost of pension is increasing,which has caused a great burden on the national finance.Especially in rural areas of China,the economic and social development is relatively backward,and the old-age security system is imperfect.The traditional family pensions are facing challenges because of the emigration of young rural laborers.By improving the commu⁃nity social capital status of the rural elderly,it is an effective way to use social support resources for the elderly to replace family support resources,which could further reduce the financial burden of elderly support and ease the burden of care for their children.The study examined the influence of social capital factors on life satisfaction among Chinese rural older adults.Data were derived from a community survey named“Social Capital and Aging Life-quality Survey(SCALS)”which conducted in Dongliao county,Jilin province,China in 2019.Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the theory hypothesis.The re⁃sults showed,family social capital was the most important predict factor for life satisfaction of older adults.Cognitive social capital,both of special social trust and normal social trust were impact life satisfaction of older adults significantly without added family social capital in the model.Therefore,community and social organizations should focus on constructing community social capital for rural older adults,promoting the ef⁃ficiency of community social capital,and further enhance mental health of older adults.