托幼服务治理模式国际比较及中国路径选择

Governance of Early Childhood Education and Care Services:Cross-national Analysis and Implications for China

在后工业化、老龄化、全球化等背景下,增加托幼服务供给成为全球性的政策选择。经过几十年的发展,西方发达国家的托幼服务治理模式存在显著的制度差异,形成了三种典型的托幼服务治理模式:托幼整合模式(以瑞典为例)、托幼分离的双轨模式(以法国为例)和托幼关系复杂的多元模式(以美国为例)。不同治理模式的形成和变革受制于其所处的社会、经济和制度环境,在发展中也面临着不同的挑战。新时期我国建构托幼服务治理体系应该采用分阶段策略,建立合理的成本分担机制,鼓励地方实践的多元化,并最终完成托幼服务的整合。

To increase the provision of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services has become a global policy option,since ECEC is regarded as a powerful tool to target problems caused by post-industrialization,aging population,and globalization.However,in a global context,there are many structural differences in terms of ECEC governance,amongst three main governance models can be identified in the ECEC sector:the integrated model (e.g.Sweden),the split and dual model (e.g.France) and the complicated model (e.g.USA).All these governance models are rooted in long historical traditions,shaped by various economic,political,social and cultural contexts.In the new era,building an ECEC governance system in China should take several steps,emphasize on cost-sharing,encouraging local innovation and setting a long-term goal on care-education integration.