杭州湾区近岸海域污染状况分析及治理对策研究

Analysis of Pollution Status and Research on Treatment Countermeasures in the Coastal Waters of Hangzhou Bay Area

文章通过梳理杭州湾区的近岸海域水文特征、水质状况以及陆源入海状况,对杭州湾区近岸海域进行污染状况及问题分析。结果发现湾区近岸海域中无机氮、活性磷酸盐含量仍有较大程度的超标,水体富营养化程度严重。其特殊的地形水文环境、湾区工业的快速发展以及暂未制定健全有效的湾区治理体系,是导致近岸海域水质常年为劣Ⅳ类海水的主要原因。最后,文章提出了治理对策建议:建立以管理体系、科研体系、督查体系3个部分组成的湾区污染防治工作体系;建立湾区防治应急响应和统筹应用机制,成立湾区近岸海域污染防治工作组;加强源头治理,严格控制陆源污染物排放;及时开展湾区生态环境修复工作。

Based on carding the hydrological characteristics,water quality status,and land-source entry into the sea,the pollution status and problems in the coastal waters of Hangzhou Bay area were analyzed.The results showed that the contents of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the coastal waters of the bay area still exceeded the standard to a large extent,and the degree of eutrophication of the water body was serious.Its special topography and hydrological environment,rapid development of industry in the bay area,and the absence of a sound and effective governance system of the bay area are the main reasons for the water quality of the coastal waters inferior to ClassⅣseawater throughout the year.Finally,suggestions for governance countermeasures are put forward,including establishing a bay area pollution prevention and control work system consisting of management system,scientific research system and supervision system;establishing the emergency response and overall application mechanism for the bay area prevention and control,and setting up pollution prevention and control working group in the coastal waters of the bay area;strengthening source governance,strictly controlling the discharge of land-based pollutants;and carrying out the ecological environment restoration in the bay area in time.