腐殖质参与的卤代有机污染物厌氧降解研究进展

Research Progress in Humic Substances in Anaerobic Degradation of Halogenated Organic Pollutants

近年来,多种卤代有机污染物(HOPs)已在陆域和水域环境中广泛检出,由于其具有较稳定持久、易富集放大、难降解去除等特性,HOPs导致的环境风险与生态系统健康危害已引起国际社会的广泛关注,而如何经济高效降解去除这类污染物是亟待解决的关键科学和技术难题。微生物驱动的厌氧脱卤作用是HOPs降解的重要途径之一,但在自然环境下,这个过程通常非常缓慢。腐殖质作为天然大分子物质可参与HOPs厌氧降解作用,特别是其作为电子穿梭体通过加快电子传递提高HOPs的微生物降解效率,在污染环境修复中具有广阔的应用潜力。该文介绍了HOPs的污染特征与降解过程,探讨了腐殖质的理化特性及环境效应,重点阐释了腐殖质参与的HOPs降解过程及降解机制,并提出了现有研究不足和未来研究方向。

In recent years,a variety of halogenated organic pollutants(HOPs)have been widely detected in terrestrial and aquatic environment and owing to the HOPs’characteristics of being stable and persist,easy to enrich and refractory to degrade and remove,the environmental risks and ecosystem health hazards caused by HOPs have drawn extensive concerns of the international community.On the other hand,how to cost-effectively degrade and remove these pollutants is a hard problem to be solved in dire need.It has been known that microbial driven anaerobic de-halogenation is one of the important methods to degrade HOPs,but in natural environment,the degradation process is usually very slow.Humus,as a natural macromolecular substance,can participate in the anaerobic degradation of HOPs,especially as an electron shuttle,which can improve the microbial degradation efficiency of HOPs by accelerating electron transfer.Thus it has broad application potential in remediation of polluted environment.This paper introduces the pollution characteristics and degradation process of HOPs,discussing the physical and chemical characteristics and environmental effects of humic substances,focusing on the mechanism regarding the process of HOPs degradation accompanied with humus.Furthermore,some shortcomings in the present and future research directions in this area are discussed.