北京市拆违区域周边居民区主要病媒生物孳生与侵害状况调查

BREEDING AND INVASION STATUS OF THE MAIN VECTORS IN THE RESIDENTIAL QUARTER AROUND THE DEMOLITION AREAS OF BEIJING

本文通过了解北京市拆违区域周边(50 m范围内)居民区主要病媒生物孳生和侵害情况,为其科学制定防制方案提供技术指导。分别采用路径法和勺捕法进行幼蚊密度监测,人诱停落法进行成蚊密度监测;采用笼诱法进行蝇密度监测;采用夹夜法、鼠迹法进行鼠密度监测。结果显示,拆违区域周边居民区蚊幼虫路径指数为0.87处/km,大型水体采样幼虫阳性勺率为5.13%,均高于国家标准规定,成蚊停落指数为0.77只/(人·30 min),低于国家标准规定。蝇密度为9.01只/笼,高于全市平均值,其中麻蝇科蝇类为主要种类,占33.69%。鼠类监测中,夹夜法阳性率为0.00%,低于全市居民区平均值,路径指数为0.11处/km,低于国家标准的规定。拆违工作对周边居民区蚊虫和蝇类密度可能有一定影响,对鼠类密度影响较小。建议周边居民区加强大型水体的蚊虫治理,积极查找并清理蝇类孳生地,降低成蝇密度。加强防鼠设施维护,使鼠密度持续维持在较低水平。

By understanding the breeding and invasion status of the main vectors in the residential quarter around the demolition areas(within 50 m)of Beijing,to provide the technical guidance for making a scientific control scheme.The larval mosquito density was monitored by spoon-capture and breeding sites recording,human-bait method was performed to detect the adult mosquito density,cage trap was employed for adult flies,and night-trapping and trace visual methods were utilized to survey the rodents′density.Results revealed that,both the route index(0.87/km)and the spoon index for large water sampling of mosquito larvae(5.13%)were higher than those announced in the National Standard.The landing index of adult mosquito was 0.77 insects/30 mins,much lower than the National Standard.The density of flies was 9.01/cage,higher than the average level of the whole city,of which Sarcophaginae accounted for 33.69%.For rodents′density surveillance,the positive rate was 0.00%by night-trapping method,lower than the average value of residential quarter in the city,and rodent path index was 0.11/km,lower than that of National Standard.The demolition work may have some influences on the density of mosquitoes and flies in the surrounding residential quarter,but it has little influence on the density of rodent.It is suggested that mosquito larval control of the large waters surrounding residential quarter should be strengthened,actively find and clean up fly breeding places to reduce the density of adult flies,and strengthening preventive maintenance of rodent-proof facilities to keep the rodents′density at a low level.