运载火箭多体动力学建模与仿真技术研究

Research on Multibody Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Technology for Launch Vehicles

针对新一代运载火箭结构动力学与控制系统耦合强烈、严重影响火箭的飞行稳定问题,提出一种基于多体动力学虚拟样机建模与仿真的方法,有效解决运载火箭姿态动力学模型地面难以验证的困难。首先阐述了在运载火箭姿态动力学分析中应用多体虚拟样机的基本思路;然后对多体动力学模型与传统火箭姿态动力学模型在建模原理上的差异进行分析,指出引入多体仿真技术的意义;最后针对新一代火箭,提出并实现一种多体虚拟样机建模方法,仿真并验证了新一代火箭姿态控制模型与控制参数设计的正确性。本文的研究表明,航天器系统设计中常遇到复杂的动力学耦合问题,采用多体动力学虚拟样机仿真是一种行之有效的方法。

The new-generation launch vehicles are encountered with the strong coupling problem between the structural dynamics and the control system,which would influence the flight stability.To address this challenge,a modeling and simulation approach based on the Multibody dynamic virtual prototype is presented so as to solve the verifying difficulty of the attitude dynamic model through ground tests.In this paper,the basic idea of applying the multibody virtual prototype in the attitude dynamics analysis of a launch vehicle is described firstly;then the difference between the multibody dynamics model and the traditional rocket attitude dynamics model is analyzed,and the significance of introducing the multibody simulation technology is pointed out;and finally,aiming at the new-generation launch vehicles,a multibody virtual prototype modeling method is proposed and implemented,and the correctness of the new generation launch vehicles’attitude dynamics model as well as the control parameters is simulated and tested.The research of this paper shows that the multibody dynamic virtual prototype simulation is an effective method to solve the complex dynamic coupling problems in space vehicle system design.