成都市某社区居民两周患病及就诊现况分析

Analysis of illness and consultation within two weeks in a community in Chengdu

目的了解成都市某社区居民两周患病的主要情况和两周疾病就诊情况,为更好地提供卫生服务提供参考。方法2019年3—4月采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,对社区常住居民进行问卷调查。运用描述性分析了解调查对象两周患病情况、疾病严重程度(两周内患病伤持续天数、卧床天数、休工天数和休工率等)及就诊情况,采用logistic回归分析两周患病的影响因素。结果本次调查成都市某社区居民共2714名,715人存在两周患病,共900人次,两周患病率为26.3%;两周患病的主要症状分别为头晕(6.4%,58/900)、咳嗽(6.2%,56/900)、腰腿痛(4.9%,44/900)、心慌/心悸(3.3%,30/900)和头痛(3.1%,28/900);两周患病前3位病种为高血压(38.3%,345/900)、糖尿病(19.3%,174/900)和感冒(6.4%,58/900)。本次调查两周患病卧床率为20.6‰(56/2714),休工率为4.8‰(13/2714);年龄、性别、文化程度及工作状况是居民两周患病的影响因素(P<0.05);居民患病后对各级医疗机构的就诊选择也不同。结论在基层卫生服务的过程中,应重点关注高龄、女性、文化程度低、离退休和失业/无业等重点人群;明确各级医疗机构的服务定位,引导患者合理分流。

Objective To survey the status of illness and consultation within two weeks among residents in a community in Chengdu.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to carry out a questionnaire survey among the residents in a community in Chengdu during March to April 2019.The disease status,disease severity and consultation within two weeks were surveyed,and influencing factors of two-week illness were analyzed with logistic regression.Results Among 2714 participants,715 had illness(900 times)within two weeks,with a two-week prevalence rate of 26.3%.The main symptoms were dizziness(6.4%,58/900),cough(6.2%,56/900),lumbago and leg pain(4.9%,44/900),palpitations(3.3%,30/900)and headache(3.1%,28/900).The three most common diseases were hypertension(38.3%,345/900),diabetes(19.3%,174/900)and common cold(6.4%,58/900).In this survey,the rate of two-week in bed was 20.6‰(56/2714),and the rate of two-week off work was 4.8‰(13/2714).Age,gender,education level and work status were the influencing factors of the illness in two weeks(P<0.05).The choice of medical institution was also different among residents.Conclusion The survey suggest that primary care should focus on the key groups of residents in the community such as elderly,women,low education level,retirement and unemployed;and it is necessary to strengthen the primary care institutions and two-way referral system of health care.