内蒙古自治区旅店业从业人员呼吸系统自报症状及其影响因素分析

Respiratory Symptoms Reported by Hotel Workers in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Their Influencing Factors

目的了解内蒙古旅店从业人员呼吸系统症状发生现况,探讨其影响因素。方法于2018年对内蒙古4个地级市市内91家旅店的943名从业人员进行问卷调查,采用χ2检验比较呼吸系统症状自报率在不同的人口学特征和不同工作环境因素下从业人员间的差异,并通过回归分析影响旅店从业人员呼吸系统症状的主要因素。结果本研究被调查从业人员女性约占83.78%;年龄主要分布在40岁以上,占45.60%(430/943);文化程度以初中为主,占41.04%(387/943);工龄以(1~5)a为主,占56.20%(530/943)。呼吸系统症状自报率前三位的依次为“打喷嚏”(140、14.84%)、“嗓子干痒”(99、10.49%)和“流鼻涕”(90、9.54%)。自报工作场所中环境危险因素前三位依次为“空气干燥”(155、16.43%)、“忽冷忽热”(73、7.74%)、和“空气中有灰尘”(72、7.63%)。单因素χ2检验结果显示,不同文化程度、工作场所是否存在空气干燥、环境潮湿、忽冷忽热与空气中是否有灰尘等不同情况下从业人员呼吸系统症状的自报率存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示,工作场所中存在空气干燥(OR=2.620,95%CI:1.698)是旅店从业人员呼吸系统自报症状的环境危险因素。结论旅店从业人员出现呼吸系统症状的主要影响因素是因其所在工作场所中空气干燥和空气中有灰尘,建议加强对旅店业的室内空气的监测,保障从业人员的身体健康。

Objective To understand the present status of respiratory symptoms among hotel workers in Inner Mongolia and explore their influencing factors.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 943 employees of 91 hotels in 4 cities of Inner Mongolia in 2018.The self-reported rate of respiratory symptoms among employees with different demographic characteristics and different working environments was compared by theχ^(2) test,and the major factors affecting respiratory symptoms among hotel employees were analyzed by logistic regression.Results The surveyed employees were mainly women,with the percentage of female about 83%.Participants were mainly aged over 40 years,accounting for 45.6%(430/943).Regarding education level,the majority of participants were at the junior high school level,accounted for 41.0%(387/943).The length of service was mainly(1~5)years,accounted for 56.2%(530/943).The top three self-reported respiratory symptoms were as follows(in descending order):sneezing(140,14.84%),dry scratchy throat(99,10.49%),and runny nose(90,9.54%).The top three self-reported environmental risk factors in the workplace were as follows(in descending order):dry air(155,16.43%),sudden changes between hot and cold(73,7.74%),and dust in the air(72,7.63%)Univariateχ^(2) test indicated that there were statistically significant differences in self-reported respiratory symptoms among workers with different education levels,whether the workplace was dry,humid,showed sudden changes between hot and cold,or there was dust in the air(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that dry air(OR=2.620,95%CI:1.698)in the workplace were environmental risk factors for self-reported respiratory symptoms among hotel employees.Conclusion The main influencing factors for the presence of various respiratory discomforts or symptoms among hotel workers were dry air and dust in the workplace.Thus,indoor air monitoring should be strengthened in the hotel industry to ensure the health of employees in Inner Mongolia.